WJEC A-Level Geography Global Systems and Global Governance (A2 Unit 3) overview quiz quiz

In accessible surface freshwater

In the saline oceans

In the atmosphere

In rivers and lakes

Precipitation plus evapotranspiration plus the total change in basin storage

River discharge minus the precipitation falling across the whole drainage basin

Precipitation minus evapotranspiration minus the change in storage

Infiltration into the soil minus the surface runoff leaving the basin

Strongly seasonal patterns of monsoon rainfall

Prolonged drought caused by failing rains

Natural year-to-year climate variability

Over-abstraction of rivers and aquifers

The lithosphere (rocks and fossil fuels)

The atmosphere as carbon dioxide and methane gases

Living biomass in the world's forests and grasslands

Surface freshwater stored in the world's rivers and lakes

It removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and locks it safely away in rocks

It transfers carbon from the lithosphere to the atmosphere, enhancing the greenhouse effect

It has no measurable effect on the amount of carbon stored in the atmosphere at all

It increases the size of the world's forest carbon sinks by stimulating extra plant growth worldwide

UNCLOS

The High Seas treaty

The Paris Agreement

The UN refugee convention

An area owned outright and tightly controlled by the single most powerful state in the world

A protected national park lying wholly within the borders of one sovereign country

A privately owned stretch of coastline managed for profit by a private landowner

A resource or area, such as the high seas, beyond the jurisdiction of any single state

UNCLOS (the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea)

The Paris Agreement on limiting global average warming

The Convention on Biological Diversity protecting wildlife

Rostow's model of the stages of economic development

Because they are owned and tightly controlled by a single all-powerful global authority that enforces the rules

Because no state has sovereignty there, so enforcement is weak and users overexploit shared resources

Because there are no real threats to the open ocean, so no governance of any kind is actually needed there

Because the national navies of the coastal states fully patrol and police every part of it at all times

Push factors attract migrants to a new area, while pull factors repel them from their home

Both push and pull factors refer only to purely economic reasons such as wages and jobs

Push factors drive people from a source area; pull factors attract them to a destination

Both push and pull factors apply only to forced migration, never to voluntary movement

Increased remittances

Reduced unemployment

Increased cultural diversity in the source country

A brain drain of skilled and young workers

Because water, carbon, oceans and migration are linked, for example climate change driving insecurity and migration

Because each separate topic in the unit is studied in complete isolation from all of the others throughout the course

Because the unit deliberately ignores questions of global governance entirely and focuses only on physical processes

Because the unit covers only physical geography and leaves out every human and political dimension of the subject