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- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSubject hub
CCEA A-Level Business Studies: complete guide to the AS and A2 units and the exams
A complete guide to CCEA A-Level Business Studies (specification 2016). Covers the four units, AS 1 Introduction to Business, AS 2 Growing the Business, A2 1 Strategic Decision Making and A2 2 The Competitive Business Environment, how the exams are structured and marked, the calculations you must master, and how to revise each unit for top grades in Northern Ireland.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesTopic guide
CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 2 Growing the Business: a complete overview
A deep-dive CCEA A-Level Business Studies guide to AS Unit 2 Growing the Business. Covers business growth and economies of scale, human resource management, motivation and leadership, sources of finance, cash flow, break-even analysis and budgets and final accounts, with the AS 2 exam structure and revision advice.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesTopic guide
CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 1 Introduction to Business: a complete overview
A deep-dive CCEA A-Level Business Studies guide to AS Unit 1 Introduction to Business. Covers business activity and enterprise, types of organisation, stakeholders, aims and objectives, marketing and market research, the marketing mix and operations and quality, with the AS 1 exam structure and how to revise each topic.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesTopic guide
CCEA A-Level Business Studies A2 1 Strategic Decision Making: a complete overview
A deep-dive CCEA A-Level Business Studies guide to A2 Unit 1 Strategic Decision Making. Covers strategy and strategic planning, investment appraisal, ratio analysis, quantitative decision-making techniques and business and contingency planning, with the A2 1 exam structure and how to handle the calculations.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesTopic guide
CCEA A-Level Business Studies A2 2 The Competitive Business Environment: a complete overview
A deep-dive CCEA A-Level Business Studies guide to A2 Unit 2 The Competitive Business Environment. Covers the competitive environment, the economic environment, globalisation and international business, government and the regulatory environment, and social responsibility and sustainability, with the A2 2 exam structure and revision advice.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Break-even analysis - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 2
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on break-even analysis, covering fixed, variable and total costs, contribution per unit, the break-even formula, the margin of safety, the break-even chart, and the strengths and limitations of break-even analysis as a decision tool.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Budgets and final accounts - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 2
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on budgets and final accounts, covering the purpose of budgeting and variance analysis, favourable and adverse variances, the structure of the income statement and the statement of financial position, and the difference between gross and net profit.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Business growth and economies of scale - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 2
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on business growth and economies of scale, covering organic and external growth, horizontal, vertical and conglomerate integration, mergers and takeovers, economies and diseconomies of scale, and why some firms remain small.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Cash flow and working capital - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 2
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on cash flow and working capital, covering why cash flow matters, how to construct and read a cash flow forecast, the difference between cash flow and profit, the causes of cash flow problems, and practical methods of improving cash flow.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Human resource management - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 2
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on human resource management, covering workforce planning, the recruitment and selection process, internal versus external recruitment, induction and on and off-the-job training, and organisational structure including hierarchy, span of control and delegation.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Motivation and leadership - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 2
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on motivation and leadership, covering the theories of Taylor, Maslow, Herzberg and McGregor, financial and non-financial methods of motivation, and autocratic, democratic, paternalistic and laissez-faire leadership styles.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Sources of finance - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 2
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on sources of finance, covering internal sources such as retained profit, external sources such as loans, share capital and overdrafts, the distinction between short-term and long-term finance, and the factors that determine the most suitable source.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Business activity and enterprise - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 1
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on business activity and enterprise, covering needs and wants, the transformation of inputs into outputs, adding value, the four factors of production and the role of the entrepreneur in bearing risk and uncertainty.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Business aims and objectives - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 1
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on business aims and objectives, covering mission statements, the hierarchy from aims to SMART objectives, common objectives such as survival, profit and growth, how objectives differ across sectors and how they change as a business develops.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Marketing and market research - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 1
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on marketing and market research, covering the purpose of marketing, primary and secondary research, sampling methods, market segmentation and targeting, niche and mass markets, and market-led versus product-led approaches.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Operations and quality management - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 1
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on operations and quality management, covering job, batch and flow production, productivity and efficiency, stock control and just-in-time, and approaches to quality including quality control, quality assurance and total quality management.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Stakeholders - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 1
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on stakeholders, covering internal and external stakeholder groups, their differing objectives, the conflicts that arise between them, stakeholder mapping by power and interest, and how a business balances competing claims.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
The marketing mix - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 1
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on the marketing mix, covering the four Ps of product, price, place and promotion, the product life cycle and extension strategies, the Boston Matrix, pricing and promotion methods, and the growth of e-commerce and digital marketing channels.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Types of business organisation - CCEA A-Level Business Studies AS 1
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on the forms of business organisation, covering sole traders, partnerships, private and public limited companies, franchises, social enterprises and the public sector, with the meaning of limited and unlimited liability and the factors influencing choice of structure.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Business planning and contingency - CCEA A-Level Business Studies A2 1
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on business and contingency planning, covering the purpose and content of a business plan, the corporate planning process, contingency planning and crisis management, and how a business manages risk and change strategically.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Decision-making techniques - CCEA A-Level Business Studies A2 1
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on quantitative decision-making techniques, covering decision trees and expected values, critical path analysis with the earliest start and latest finish times and the critical path, how each is constructed and interpreted, and their strengths and limitations.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Investment appraisal - CCEA A-Level Business Studies A2 1
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on investment appraisal, covering the payback period, the average rate of return and net present value using discounted cash flow, how each is calculated and interpreted, and the strengths and limitations of the three methods.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Ratio analysis - CCEA A-Level Business Studies A2 1
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on ratio analysis, covering profitability ratios such as gross and net profit margin and return on capital employed, liquidity ratios, efficiency ratios and gearing, how each is calculated and interpreted, and the limitations of ratio analysis.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Strategy and strategic planning - CCEA A-Level Business Studies A2 1
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on strategy and strategic planning, covering strategic versus tactical decisions, SWOT and PEST analysis, Ansoff's matrix of market penetration, market development, product development and diversification, and the strategic planning process.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Globalisation and international business - CCEA A-Level Business Studies A2 2
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on globalisation and international business, covering the meaning and causes of globalisation, the role of multinational corporations, international trade, trading blocs, and the opportunities and threats of operating in international markets.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Government and the regulatory environment - CCEA A-Level Business Studies A2 2
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on government and the regulatory environment, covering consumer protection, employment, health and safety and competition law, the role of regulators, and the costs and benefits to a business of complying with legislation and regulation.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
Social responsibility and sustainability - CCEA A-Level Business Studies A2 2
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on social responsibility and sustainability, covering corporate social responsibility, business ethics, sustainability and the environmental impact of business, and the tension between profit and a firm's wider social and environmental responsibilities.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
The competitive environment - CCEA A-Level Business Studies A2 2
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on the competitive environment, covering market structures from perfect competition to monopoly, sources of competitive advantage through cost leadership and differentiation, the effect of competition on price and output, and how a business responds to its rivals.
- Northern IrelandBusiness StudiesSyllabus dot point
The economic environment - CCEA A-Level Business Studies A2 2
A CCEA A-Level Business Studies answer on the economic environment, covering the business cycle, economic growth, inflation, unemployment, interest rates and exchange rates, and how government fiscal and monetary policy affects business activity and decisions.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySubject hub
CCEA A-Level Digital Technology: complete guide to the AS and A2 units, the case study and how to study each module
A complete guide to CCEA A-Level Digital Technology (specification 2016). Covers the approaches to systems development, fundamentals of digital technology and information systems units, the application development case study, how the AS and A2 assessment is structured, and how to study each module for top grades.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologyTopic guide
CCEA A-Level Digital Technology A2 1 Information Systems: a complete overview of networks, databases, AI, cloud and the law
A deep-dive CCEA A-Level Digital Technology guide to the A2 1 Information Systems unit. Covers computer networks, protocols and transmission, relational databases with normalisation, SQL and query by example, database optimisation and security, artificial intelligence and expert systems, cloud and mobile technologies, data mining and big data, and the legal, moral and ethical issues.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologyTopic guide
CCEA A-Level Digital Technology A2 2 Application Development (Case Study): a complete overview of the coursework unit
A deep-dive CCEA A-Level Digital Technology guide to the A2 2 Application Development case study unit. Covers how to analyse the set scenario, design the data, interface, processing and tests, build the application, test it methodically and evaluate it against the requirements, all documented to the CCEA assessment criteria.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologyTopic guide
CCEA A-Level Digital Technology AS 1 Approaches to Systems Development: a complete overview of the life cycle, methodologies, testing and documentation
A deep-dive CCEA A-Level Digital Technology guide to the AS 1 Approaches to Systems Development unit. Covers the systems development life cycle, development methodologies, feasibility and requirements, system design, implementation and changeover, testing, documentation, fact-finding and maintenance, with the concepts CCEA examines.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologyTopic guide
CCEA A-Level Digital Technology AS 2 Fundamentals of Digital Technology: a complete overview of data representation, architecture, software and the user interface
A deep-dive CCEA A-Level Digital Technology guide to the AS 2 Fundamentals of Digital Technology unit. Covers data representation in binary and hexadecimal, computer architecture and the fetch-decode-execute cycle, memory and storage hardware, system and application software, the user interface and HCI, and data, information, validation and verification.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Artificial intelligence, expert systems and robotics - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on artificial intelligence and its applications: expert systems and their components (knowledge base, inference engine, user interface), natural language and voice recognition, and robotics, with benefits and limitations.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Cloud computing and mobile technologies - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on cloud computing (its service and deployment models) and mobile technologies, with the benefits and drawbacks of each for individuals and organisations.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Computer networks: types, topologies and hardware - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on computer networks: the types of network (LAN, WAN and PAN), the network topologies (bus, star, ring and mesh) with their advantages and disadvantages, and the hardware that connects a network.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Data mining and big data - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on data mining (discovering patterns in large data sets), the characteristics of big data, and the uses, benefits and ethical concerns of analysing large data sets.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Legal, moral and ethical issues in digital technology - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on the impact of legislation (data protection, computer misuse and copyright) on individuals and organisations, and the moral, ethical and social issues raised by digital technology.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Network protocols, transmission media and error detection - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on network protocols and TCP/IP, wired and wireless transmission media, and error detection and correction techniques including parity, checksums and check digits.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Optimising and securing databases - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on optimising databases with indexing, maintaining data integrity, and securing databases with access rights, encryption, backup and concurrency control in multi-user systems.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Relational databases: keys, ER modelling and normalisation - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on relational databases: tables, primary and foreign keys and relationships, entity relationship modelling, and normalisation to third normal form to remove redundancy.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Using databases: SQL and query by example - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on using a database with Structured Query Language: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE, filtering, sorting and joining tables, and the query by example alternative.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
A2 2 Application Development case study overview - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology overview of the A2 2 Application Development case study: how to analyse the set scenario, design, build, test and evaluate an application, and document the work to the CCEA assessment criteria.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Development methodologies: waterfall, iterative and agile - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer comparing the waterfall, iterative or incremental and agile or rapid application development methodologies, their characteristics, strengths, weaknesses and the projects that suit each approach.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Technical and user documentation - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on system documentation: the purpose, contents and audience of technical documentation and user documentation, and why each matters during development, use and maintenance.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Feasibility study and requirements analysis - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on the feasibility study (technical, economic, legal, operational and schedule), fact-finding techniques for gathering requirements, and the difference between functional and non-functional requirements.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Implementation and changeover methods - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on implementing and installing a system: the direct, parallel, phased and pilot changeover methods, their advantages, disadvantages and suitability, and data conversion and user training.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
Investigation and fact-finding techniques - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on the fact-finding techniques used during system investigation: interviews, questionnaires, observation and document inspection, with the advantages, disadvantages and suitability of each.
- Northern IrelandDigital TechnologySyllabus dot point
System maintenance: corrective, adaptive and perfective - CCEA A-Level Digital Technology
A CCEA A-Level Digital Technology answer on system maintenance: why systems are maintained after delivery and the three types of maintenance, corrective, adaptive and perfective, with examples of each.
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