Moral Philosophy: SQA Higher Philosophy ethics quiz quiz

A moral decision involves values and the interests of others, and concerns right and wrong

A moral decision is always harder

A non-moral decision is always about money

There is no real difference

A descriptive claim says what ought to be; a normative claim says what is

A normative claim says what ought to be; a descriptive claim says what is the case

They are identical

A normative claim can only be about science

The agent's duty

The moral rules broken

The action's consequences or outcomes

The agent's intention only

Always do your duty regardless of outcome

Treat people only as ends

Pleasure is the only intrinsic evil

An action is right if it produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number

Bentham's method for measuring the pleasure and pain an act produces

Kant's test for maxims

A rule for telling truth from falsehood

Mill's distinction between pleasures

By rejecting the greatest happiness principle

By distinguishing higher and lower pleasures and moving towards rule utilitarianism

By denying that consequences matter

By treating all pleasures as equal in quality

It is too clear and simple

It ignores consequences

It can justify injustice, such as sacrificing an innocent for the greater good

It values motives too highly

Pleasure

Useful consequences

Wealth

A good will (a will that acts from duty)

A command that applies unconditionally, regardless of any desire

A command that depends on a desired end

A rule of skill or prudence

A consequence to be maximised

Always maximise happiness

Act only on a maxim you could will to become a universal law

Treat people as means to good ends

Follow the law of your country

Using anyone as a means in any way

Acting from duty

Treating humanity, in yourself or others, merely as a means

Considering people's dignity

It pays too much attention to consequences

It treats all pleasures as equal

It denies that duties exist

It ignores consequences, so it can demand bad outcomes (telling the truth to a murderer at the door)

The criterion of rightness: consequences versus duty

Whether they use long or short arguments

Whether they were written in English

Whether they mention happiness

It guarantees that the innocent are never harmed

It is clear, secular and impartial, counting everyone's happiness equally

It ignores consequences

It values the motive of duty above all

Only a list of the philosophers' dates

Agreement with both theories

A balanced weighing of strengths and weaknesses and a defended judgement

A summary with no conclusion