Arguments in Action: SQA Higher Philosophy logic and reasoning quiz quiz

A sentence that is either true or false

Any sentence at all, including questions and commands

A sentence that contains an indicator word

A sentence written in standard form

An argument is always longer than an explanation

An argument offers premises as reasons for a conclusion in doubt, while an explanation gives the cause of an accepted fact

An explanation always uses the word 'therefore'

There is no difference between them

because

since

therefore

given that

When its premises are all true

When its conclusion is true

When it is persuasive

When it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false

It is valid and all of its premises are actually true

It is persuasive and well written

Its conclusion happens to be true

It uses modus ponens

No, validity guarantees a true conclusion in every case

Yes, if one or more premises are false

No, because validity means the premises are true

Only if the argument is also sound

If P then Q; P; therefore Q

If P then Q; Q; therefore P

If P then Q; not Q; therefore not P

If P then Q; not P; therefore not Q

Denying the antecedent

Modus ponens

Begging the question

Affirming the consequent

That an argument form is invalid, by giving a same-form argument with true premises and a false conclusion

That an argument's conclusion is true

That an argument's premises are false

That an argument is sound

As valid or invalid

As reliable (strong) or unreliable (weak)

As sound or unsound

As true or false

The sample is drawn from friends only

The conclusion is certain

The sample is large and representative

The argument is deductively valid

Attacking the person rather than their argument

Offering only two options when more exist

Assuming the conclusion in a premise

Misrepresenting an opponent's position to make it easier to attack

Begging the question (circular reasoning)

Slippery slope

False dilemma

Appeal to emotion

Length, clarity and style

Acceptability, relevance and sufficiency

Validity, soundness and reliability

Origin, purpose and content

Always agreeing with the argument

Ignoring any unstated premises

Interpreting an argument in its strongest reasonable form before criticising it

Attacking the weakest version of a position

Acceptability

Validity

Sufficiency

Relevance