OCR GCSE Psychology research methods overview quiz (J203) quiz

A directional (one-tailed) hypothesis

A null hypothesis predicting no effect

A non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis

An aim that states the purpose of the study

A natural experiment in the real world

A field experiment in a real setting

An in-depth single case study

A laboratory experiment

Order effects, reduced by counterbalancing

Participant variables, reduced by random allocation

Demand characteristics, reduced by sampling

Confounding, reduced by debriefing

Opportunity sampling

Random sampling

Systematic sampling

Volunteer sampling

To keep it completely constant for every single one of the participants

To remove the variable from the study altogether before it begins

To define it precisely in terms of how it is measured or manipulated

To correlate the variable directly with another measured variable

32

6

11

8

The median

The mean average

The range

The total sum

Because a correlation always relies entirely on qualitative data instead of numbers

Because a third variable could cause both, or the direction is unknown

Because correlational studies are always completely unreliable by their nature

Because correlation results simply cannot ever be plotted on a graph at all

Informed consent

The right to withdraw

Debriefing

Confidentiality

They mean exactly the same thing, so the two terms can always be swapped freely without any change in meaning

Reliability is accuracy (measuring what is intended); validity is consistency (the same results when repeated)

Reliability applies only to laboratory experiments, while validity applies only to natural field studies

Reliability is consistency (same results when repeated); validity is accuracy (measuring what is intended)