OCR A-Level Geography Global Connections overview quiz quiz

That every country should aim to produce all of its own goods by itself and avoid relying on any imports

That countries gain by specialising where their opportunity cost is lowest and trading for the rest

That trade always equalises wealth between the partner countries that take part in it over time

That only the richest and most developed countries stand to benefit from taking part in trade

They spread the value created completely equally across every single country that takes part in the global production network

They keep all stages of production within one single country rather than fragmenting them internationally

They concentrate high-value stages (design, branding, finance) in core economies and low-value assembly in the periphery

They have no real effect on where value is captured, since location of production no longer matters at all

Because trade has no measurable effect on inequality between or within the countries that take part in it

Because all trade takes place strictly between fully equal partners who always share the gains from it evenly each and every time

Because trade only ever affects the rich core countries and leaves the poorer periphery wholly untouched

Because economies rely on each other, yet a core-periphery structure concentrates profit and high-value activity unevenly

Forced migration is compelled by conflict, persecution or disaster; voluntary migration is made largely by choice

Forced migration is always undertaken purely to secure higher wages and better job opportunities abroad

There is no meaningful difference between the two of them, since all migration is driven by the same single set of factors

Voluntary migration is the type that produces refugees and large numbers of internally displaced people

A brain drain of the most skilled and educated workers

Remittances sent home by migrants

The loss of young, working-age people from the labour force

Reduced economic activity and weaker local consumer demand

Because a single binding global migration law controls every state and overrides national border policy

Because no country anywhere has any migration policy of its own to manage who crosses its borders

Because there is no binding global regime and states guard sovereignty over their borders

Because the United Nations directly runs and polices all international borders on behalf of states

The Treaty of Westphalia (1648), which established the modern sovereign state

The Paris Agreement (2015), the global accord on limiting climate change

The WTO Charter, the founding agreement governing international free trade

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

They cluster with authoritarian regimes, conflict, poverty and discrimination

They occur entirely at random with no link to a country's politics or its level of development

They depend only on a country's physical size and total population rather than its governance

They are identical everywhere, so the geography of violations is essentially flat across the world

Because the international community always intervenes equally everywhere that human rights are abused

Because great-power interests and Security Council vetoes, not just need, determine where action happens

Because intervention is never political and is decided purely on the basis of objective humanitarian need

Because only non-governmental organisations are ever permitted to intervene in human-rights crises

They are simply the same thing described using two interchangeable words that mean exactly the same

A nation always has clearly fixed and recognised borders, whereas a state by definition never has any

A nation is a community of shared identity; a state is a bordered, recognised political unit with a government

A state is purely a cultural group bound by a shared identity, while a nation is just a bordered piece of territory

A stable, internationally recognised and uncontested border

A functioning national government in full control of its land

Membership of the United Nations and other international bodies

Secession or separatism by a region seeking independence

Being reshaped and pooled in some respects yet reasserted through nationalism and border-building in others

Completely abolished everywhere, so that individual states no longer hold any real power of their own

Entirely unchanged since 1648, with states exercising exactly the same absolute control they always had

Held only by international organisations now, with the national governments of states retaining no sovereignty at all