OCR A-Level Geography Changing Spaces; Making Places overview quiz quiz

Place is abstract area defined by distance, while space is the part invested with human meaning

Space is abstract area defined by location and distance; place is space invested with meaning

They are identical concepts that geographers use interchangeably to mean the same idea

Place is always larger in physical scale than the space that contains and surrounds it

Latitude, longitude and absolute altitude

Population, local economy and politics

Location, locale and sense of place

Site, situation and overall shape

Insiders rely only on media coverage and brief visits, whereas outsiders draw on deep lived experience

There is never any difference between how an insider and an outsider perceive and understand a place

Outsiders always know and understand the place far better than the people who actually live there do

Insiders hold deep, lived attachment; outsiders often hold superficial, media-shaped perceptions

Flows of investment and migration from elsewhere

The local topography, relief and physical site of the place

The existing pattern of land use across the place

The built environment, housing stock and architecture

They never interact, and each set of factors shapes a place entirely on its own without the other

Endogenous characteristics attract flows that then reshape the place, in a continuous two-way process

Only exogenous factors ever matter in shaping a place, while endogenous characteristics are irrelevant

Endogenous factors are always permanent and unchanging once a place has first been established

Formal is qualitative and emotional, drawn from art and film; informal is statistical and official

They are essentially the same, since both rely on exactly the same kinds of source and evidence

Formal is official and largely quantitative; informal is subjective and qualitative

Formal representations are always biased while informal ones are neutral and entirely objective

Because statistics about a place are always wrong and so can never be trusted by any of the players involved

Because places have no identity of their own, so any representation of them is as valid as any other one

Because only national and local governments are ever permitted to produce official representations of any place at all, and no other player may do so

Because different players produce competing representations to serve different interests, and groups challenge portrayals they reject

The in-movement of higher-income residents to a lower-income area, raising values and often displacing original residents

The movement of heavy manufacturing industry out of cities and into previously rural and agricultural farming areas nearby

The long-term economic and physical decline of a city centre as activity moves to edge-of-town sites

Large-scale government investment in new motorways and transport links between major urban centres

Urbanisation (movement of people into towns and cities)

Counter-urbanisation

Gentrification (wealthier residents moving into poorer areas)

Deindustrialisation (decline of manufacturing employment)

Demolishing all of the old buildings in an area and clearing the site completely before rebuilding

Raising local taxes on residents and businesses in order to fund services within the place

Changing perceptions of a place, often through culture, events or flagship projects

Closing factories and industrial sites that are no longer profitable to run within the place

Because it never creates any new jobs at all and so always leaves a place exactly as poor as before

Because it is always a complete failure that delivers no improvement to a place under any circumstances

Because it only ever affects distant places elsewhere and never has any impact on the area being regenerated

Because benefits and costs fall unevenly, helping some groups while displacing or bypassing others

Because quantitative sources give comparable structure and qualitative sources give lived meaning, and combining them allows cross-checking

To make the study longer and more impressive to the examiner, since longer place studies always score more highly than shorter ones

Because qualitative sources are always far more reliable than quantitative ones and should therefore be trusted without any further evaluation

Because census data is fully objective and needs no evaluation, so it can simply be reported without any checking against other sources