Physiology and Health: SQA Higher Human Biology Area 2 quiz quiz

In the interstitial cells

In the prostate gland

In the seminiferous tubules

In the seminal vesicles

46, restored when two haploid gametes of 23 fuse

23, because only the sperm contributes chromosomes

92, because each gamete already carries 46 chromosomes

23, halved from the diploid number during fertilisation

The shedding of the endometrium during menstruation

The thickening of the endometrium in the follicular phase

The inhibition of FSH at the start of a new cycle

Ovulation, the release of the mature ovum from the follicle

By physically blocking the oviducts so the ovum cannot travel

Its oestrogen and progesterone inhibit FSH and LH by negative feedback

By killing sperm before they can reach the ovum

By stimulating the LH surge so ovulation happens too early

When the woman does not ovulate at all without treatment

When the couple wish to screen embryos for a genetic disorder

When sperm are too few or unable to penetrate the ovum

When the endometrium is too thin to support an embryo

Screening estimates risk; a diagnostic test gives a definite result from fetal cells

Screening gives a definite result; a diagnostic test only estimates risk

Screening is done after birth; a diagnostic test is done before birth

Screening tests fetal cells directly; a diagnostic test uses the mother's blood

The vagus nerve

The medulla

The atrioventricular valve

The sinoatrial node (SAN)

A wall only one cell thick to allow rapid exchange

A thick, muscular and elastic wall with a narrow lumen

Valves along its length to prevent backflow of blood

A very wide lumen and a thin, easily stretched wall

By widening the coronary arteries so blood flows too fast

By thickening the heart valves so they cannot open

An atheroma triggers a thrombus that blocks a coronary artery

By raising the heart rate until the muscle is exhausted

It carries excess cholesterol from the cells back to the liver

It carries cholesterol from the liver to deposit in artery walls

It converts cholesterol into bile salts inside the arteries

It increases the deposition of cholesterol in the coronary arteries

Insulin

Oestrogen

Glucagon

Progesterone

The body's cells become resistant to insulin

The body cannot produce insulin because the pancreatic cells are destroyed

The liver stores too much glucose as glycogen

The kidneys remove too much glucose from the blood

Mass multiplied by height

Height divided by mass squared

Mass divided by height squared

Mass added to height

The vagus nerve releases acetylcholine to speed the heart

The SAN stops firing so the ventricles take over the rhythm

The parasympathetic nerve releases noradrenaline to the heart

The sympathetic nerve releases noradrenaline, which speeds the heart

Their blood glucose stays steady and never rises after the drink

Their blood glucose falls below normal immediately after the drink

Their blood glucose rises higher and takes much longer to return to normal

Their blood glucose cannot be measured because insulin blocks the test