Neurobiology and Immunology: SQA Higher Human Biology Area 3 quiz quiz

The somatic and autonomic nerves

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

The sensory and motor neurons

The brain and the spinal cord

It has no effect on the heart rate at all

It speeds the heart rate up, as in fight or flight

It slows the heart rate down, as in rest and digest

It stops the heart from beating during exercise

The association areas

The motor areas

The sensory areas

The corpus callosum

About one item

An unlimited number of items

About seven items

About one hundred items

By keeping it in sensory memory for longer

By reducing the number of items below the capacity limit

By ignoring it so that only important items remain

By encoding, helped by organisation and elaboration

It is permanently bound to the receptors and never removed

It is removed by enzyme breakdown or by reuptake into the first neuron

It diffuses backwards into the original vesicle unchanged

It is converted into a nerve impulse inside the cleft

It is a neurotransmitter of the reward pathway, inducing pleasure

It is an enzyme that breaks down other neurotransmitters

It is a barrier that prevents pathogens entering the brain

It is an antibody produced by the lymphocytes of the brain

It mimics the neurotransmitter and enhances the response

It speeds up the reuptake of the neurotransmitter

It binds to and blocks the receptors, reducing the response

It increases the amount of neurotransmitter released

Insulin

A cytokine called dopamine

Lysozyme

Histamine

It engulfs a pathogen and digests it using lysosome enzymes

It produces antibodies specific to the pathogen's antigen

It changes its own antigens to avoid detection

It releases histamine to widen the blood vessels

T lymphocytes

B lymphocytes

Phagocytes

Glial cells

Because the pathogen is weaker the second time it is met

Because the non-specific barriers have become stronger

Because memory cells from the first exposure respond rapidly

Because antibodies from the first exposure never break down

It makes the pathogen more dangerous so immunity is stronger

It removes the antigens so the vaccine is safe to inject

It provides ready-made antibodies for immediate protection

It enhances the immune response to the antigen in the vaccine

Because the virus regularly changes its antigens (antigenic variation)

Because the previous vaccine is used up by herd immunity

Because the body destroys all its memory cells every year

Because passive immunity always wears off after a year

To give the control group a stronger dose of the drug

To act as a dummy treatment so the drug's true effect can be measured

To ensure the researchers know who received the drug

To increase the sample size of the treatment group

The trial used only a very small number of subjects

The treatment and control groups were treated differently on purpose

Every subject in the treatment group improved completely

The difference between the groups is very unlikely to be due to chance