Metabolism and Survival: SQA Higher Biology Area 2 quiz quiz

Anabolic reactions build larger molecules and require energy; catabolic reactions break molecules down and release energy

Anabolic reactions break larger molecules down and release energy; catabolic reactions build smaller molecules up and require energy

Both anabolic and catabolic reactions release energy as larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones

Both anabolic and catabolic reactions require energy in order to build larger molecules from smaller ones

It binds to the enzyme away from the active site and its effect cannot be reversed by adding more substrate at all

It binds to the active site, competing with the substrate, and its effect is reversed by adding more substrate

It permanently destroys the enzyme so that it can never function again in the reaction

It increases the activation energy that the substrate needs to react with the enzyme

The first substrate in the pathway activates the very last enzyme in that same pathway, speeding it up

Each enzyme in the pathway speeds up the next reaction along the chain, one step at a time

The end product inhibits an enzyme early in the pathway, switching it off once enough product is made

The pathway keeps running continuously, regardless of how much of the end product has been made

A net gain of four ATP, in the mitochondrial matrix

A net gain of two ATP, on the inner mitochondrial membrane

A net gain of thirty-eight ATP, in the cytoplasm

A net gain of two ATP, in the cytoplasm

It is the final acceptor of electrons and hydrogen in the electron transport chain, forming water

It is split apart during glycolysis in the cytoplasm in order to release a large amount of energy

It joins directly to carbon dioxide during the citric acid cycle inside the mitochondria

It carries hydrogen from glycolysis all the way to the citric acid cycle in the matrix

A regulator simply lets its internal environment change along with the surroundings in order to save energy

A regulator uses energy to keep its internal environment steady and can stay active across more conditions

A regulator cannot use any behaviour at all to help it cope with changes in its surroundings

A regulator has a much narrower range of available niches than a conformer does in the wild

Predictive dormancy begins only after the conditions worsen, whereas consequential dormancy begins before they worsen, triggered by a cue

Predictive dormancy only ever occurs in plants, while consequential dormancy only ever occurs in animals living in the wild

Predictive dormancy begins before conditions worsen (triggered by a cue); consequential dormancy begins after they worsen

There is no real difference between the two terms; they mean the same thing and are fully interchangeable

Log (exponential), lag, death, then stationary

Stationary, lag, log (exponential), then death

Lag, stationary, log (exponential), then death

Lag, log (exponential), stationary, death

During the stationary phase, often aiding survival

During the lag phase, before any cell growth has begun at all

During the log phase, as a normal part of rapid cell growth

Only during the death phase, as the cells begin to break down

Restriction endonuclease joins the DNA together; ligase then cuts the DNA into separate pieces

Restriction endonuclease cuts DNA to leave sticky ends; ligase joins the gene into the vector

Both enzymes cut the DNA at exactly the same point on the strand to leave matching ends

Restriction endonuclease copies the gene many times over; ligase then reads the copied gene