Cells and Proteins: SQA Advanced Higher Biology Area 1 quiz quiz

Density, with denser components sedimenting first

Charge, with positive components moving to one electrode

Solubility in a mobile phase

Isoelectric point in a pH gradient

To zero the instrument so only the substance of interest affects the reading

To increase the absorbance of the sample

To dilute the sample to a known concentration

To change the wavelength of light used

Small molecules, because they pass through the gel pores more easily

Large molecules, because they carry more charge

Molecules at their isoelectric point

Only molecules bound to an antibody

Detect and quantify a specific molecule using an enzyme-linked antibody

Separate organelles by density

Amplify a length of DNA

Measure the pH of a buffer

Hydrogen, ionic and hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bridges between R groups

Peptide bonds between amino acids

Hydrogen bonds only, along the backbone

Phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides

Binding of a ligand to one subunit raises the affinity of the other subunits

A modulator binds the active site directly

The protein is denatured by high temperature

Two genes are spliced into one protein

By binding a site away from the active site and causing a conformational change

By forming a permanent covalent bond with the substrate

By being broken down into amino acids

By increasing the temperature of the cell

Three sodium out and two potassium in

Two sodium out and three potassium in

One sodium out and one potassium in

Three sodium in and two potassium out

Potassium diffusing out through leak channels down its gradient

Sodium diffusing in through the pump

Chloride being actively pumped in

Water moving out by osmosis

It can dissolve through the phospholipid bilayer and enter the cell

It is too large to fit a surface receptor

It carries a strong positive charge

It is broken down at the membrane

To spread and amplify the signal inside the cell after a surface receptor is activated

To carry the original signal between two organisms

To form part of the cell membrane

To replicate DNA before mitosis

Each active kinase activates many molecules of the next kinase

Each kinase deactivates the previous one

One kinase binds one substrate only

The signal is split equally at each step

Tubulin, and they form the spindle that separates chromosomes

Actin, and they form the cell membrane

Cellulose, and they form the cell wall

Phospholipid, and they form vesicles

Their changing concentration activates cyclin-dependent kinases that drive the cell forward

They permanently destroy CDKs at every checkpoint

They replace DNA polymerase during replication

They form the phospholipid bilayer

That all chromosomes are attached to the spindle before they are separated

That the cell is large enough to divide

That DNA replication has just started

That apoptosis is complete

Cells with damaged DNA are no longer stopped at the checkpoint or removed by apoptosis

Cells can no longer make any proteins

The cell cycle stops permanently in G0

Microtubules can no longer form