← Legal Studies syllabus

EnglandLegal Studies

The Law of Contract (Components 2 and 3)

5 dot points across 5 inquiry questions. Click any dot point for a focused answer with worked past exam questions where available.

What remedies can the innocent party claim when a contract is broken?

Remedies for breach of contract: the aim and measure of damages (expectation loss, causation, remoteness under Hadley v Baxendale and mitigation), liquidated damages and penalties, and the equitable remedies (specific performance and injunction).
An Eduqas A-Level Law guide to the remedies for breach of contract. Explains the aim and measure of damages, causation, remoteness and mitigation, liquidated damages and the equitable remedies, with worked scenario answers and the AO2 application the paper rewards.
16 min answer →

How does a contract come to an end, and what happens when performance becomes impossible?

Discharge of contract: discharge by performance (and the softening doctrines), by agreement, by breach (actual and anticipatory), and by frustration (impossibility, illegality and radical change, and the consequences under the Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act 1943).
An Eduqas A-Level Law guide to the discharge of a contract. Explains discharge by performance, agreement, breach and frustration, and the consequences of frustration, with worked scenario answers and the AO2 application the paper rewards.
17 min answer →

What are the essential ingredients that turn an agreement into a binding contract?

Formation of contract: offer and acceptance (including invitations to treat, the postal rule and revocation), consideration (sufficiency, adequacy and past consideration), and the intention to create legal relations.
An Eduqas A-Level Law guide to the formation of a contract. Explains offer and acceptance, the postal rule, consideration and the intention to create legal relations, with worked scenario answers and the AO2 application the paper rewards.
18 min answer →

What are the terms of a contract, how are they classified, and when can a party exclude liability?

The terms of a contract: express and implied terms (including statutory implied terms), the classification of terms (conditions, warranties and innominate terms), and exclusion clauses and their statutory controls.
An Eduqas A-Level Law guide to the terms of a contract. Explains express and implied terms, conditions, warranties and innominate terms, and exclusion clauses and their controls, with worked scenario answers and the AO2 application the paper rewards.
17 min answer →

What factors can undermine an apparently valid contract, and what is their effect?

Vitiating factors: misrepresentation (fraudulent, negligent and innocent), its requirements (a false statement of fact that induces the contract) and remedies (rescission and damages), and an outline of other vitiating factors such as duress and economic duress.
An Eduqas A-Level Law guide to the vitiating factors in contract. Explains misrepresentation (fraudulent, negligent and innocent), its requirements and remedies, and other vitiating factors, with worked scenario answers and the AO2 application the paper rewards.
17 min answer →