Eduqas A-Level Geology Geohazards and economic geology overview quiz quiz

The ground shaking from seismic waves

The release of seismic energy at the focus

Liquefaction of saturated sediment

The build-up of elastic strain

Only the magnitude of the event and nothing about people

The depth of the earthquake focus below the surface only

Nothing at all; risk and hazard mean exactly the same thing

The exposure and vulnerability of people and property

Its viscous, gas-rich magma erupts explosively, producing pyroclastic flows and lahars

Its runny, low-silica lava flows much faster and spreads across a far wider surrounding area

It produces no ash or tephra at all, only slow and escapable basaltic lava flows

It is always physically much larger and taller than any basaltic shield volcano can be

Ground deflation as the whole summit area gradually sinks down

Ground inflation (swelling) measured by tiltmeters and GPS

Steadily falling sulphur dioxide and other volcanic gas emissions

Gradual cooling of the summit and the surrounding crater region

The colour of the rock

The age of the rock

Water (pore pressure)

The mineral hardness

Dip steeply back into the hillside slope

Are perfectly horizontal across the slope

Are vertical, standing on end in the slope

Dip out of the slope face (daylight on it)

400,000 tonnes

40,000 tonnes

4,000,000 tonnes

4,000 tonnes

The single highest grade found anywhere in the whole deposit

The lowest grade that can be mined and processed at a profit

The average background grade of the metal in the Earth's crust

The grade of the fully refined, pure metal once extracted

Density sorting of heavy mineral grains by flowing river water

Gravity settling of dense early-formed crystals within a magma body

Precipitation of metals from hot, mineral-rich fluids in fractures

Evaporation of seawater in an enclosed coastal lagoon basin

Granite, basalt, schist, slate, marble and gneiss

Porosity, colour, hardness, streak, cleavage and lustre

Magnitude, intensity, focus, epicentre, P and S waves

Source, reservoir, seal, trap, migration and maturation

Porosity stores the oil and permeability (connected pores) lets it flow and be produced

Porosity is what lets the oil flow and permeability is what stores the oil in the rock

Both terms mean exactly the same thing and describe one single property of the rock

Neither porosity nor permeability is needed at all provided there is a good trap present

Water on top, oil in the middle, gas at the base

Gas on top, oil in the middle, water at the base

Oil on top, gas in the middle, water at the base

They are fully mixed

The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer material itself

The total porosity of the rock through which the water flows

The hydraulic gradient (head difference divided by distance)

The cross-sectional area of the aquifer that is carrying the flow

The local water table to rise steadily over time

A noticeable increase in regional rainfall totals

The aquifer rock to become much more permeable

Saline intrusion of seawater into the aquifer