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Topic 19: Modern Analytical Techniques - NMR and Chromatography

Quick questions on Modern Analytical Techniques: NMR and Chromatography (Topic 19) - Edexcel A-Level Chemistry

3short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.

What is reading a proton spectrum?
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Three pieces of information come from each set of peaks: - Number of peaks equals the number of proton environments. - Integration (the step height or area) gives the whole-number ratio of protons. - Splitting uses the n+1n+1 rule: a singlet has no adjacent protons, a doublet has one, a triplet two, a quartet three. Typical shifts include R-CH3\text{R-CH}_3 near 0.90.9, O-CH\text{O-CH} near 3.53.5, and O-CHO\text{O-CHO} (aldehyde) near 9.7 ppm9.7\ \text{ppm}.
What is q1?
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State what the number of peaks in a carbon-13 NMR spectrum tells you. [1 mark]
What is q2?
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A proton NMR peak is split into a quartet. State how many protons are on the neighbouring carbon. [1 mark]

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