England · Pearson EdexcelQ&A
ChemistryQ&A by dot point
A short Q&A bank for every England Chemistry syllabus dot point. Each question and answer is drawn directly from our worked dot-point page, so you can scan key concepts before opening the long-form answer.
Topic 7: Energetics I
- Enthalpy change, exothermic and endothermic reactions, standard enthalpy changes, calorimetry, Hess's law and enthalpy cycles, and mean bond enthalpy calculations.5Q&A pairs
- Dynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, the effects of concentration, pressure, temperature and catalysts on the position of equilibrium, and the meaning of the equilibrium constant Kc.4Q&A pairs
- London (dispersion) forces, permanent dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding, how they arise, and how they explain boiling points, solubility and the anomalous properties of water.4Q&A pairs
- Collision theory, activation energy, the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, and the effects of temperature, concentration, surface area and catalysts on the rate of reaction.2Q&A pairs
- The reactions of alcohols (oxidation, dehydration, ester formation) and haloalkanes (nucleophilic substitution and elimination), and an introduction to mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy.3Q&A pairs
Topic 19: Modern Analytical Techniques - NMR and Chromatography
- Proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy, chemical shift and splitting, combining spectroscopic data to determine structures, and chromatography (TLC, gas and HPLC) for separation and analysis.3Q&A pairs
- The structure and electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene, the reactions of aldehydes and ketones, and the reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives.2Q&A pairs
- The preparation and reactions of amines, amino acids and proteins, and the formation and properties of addition and condensation polymers including their disposal.3Q&A pairs
- Optical isomerism and chirality, the synthesis of organic compounds through multi-step routes, choosing reagents and conditions, and the importance of single enantiomers in the pharmaceutical industry.3Q&A pairs
Topic 17: Acid-Base Equilibria
- The Bronsted-Lowry theory, the pH scale, strong and weak acids, Ka and Kw, titration curves, indicator choice and the action of buffer solutions.3Q&A pairs
- The equilibrium constants Kc and Kp, calculating them from equilibrium amounts and partial pressures, mole fractions, and the effect of changing conditions on their values.2Q&A pairs
- Rate equations and orders of reaction, the rate constant, finding orders from initial-rate and concentration-time data, the rate-determining step, and the Arrhenius equation.6Q&A pairs
- Standard electrode potentials, the standard hydrogen electrode, electrochemical cells and cell EMF, using electrode potentials to predict feasibility, and redox titrations.5Q&A pairs
- Born-Haber cycles and lattice energy, enthalpies of solution, hydration and atomisation, entropy, and Gibbs free energy as the criterion for feasibility.3Q&A pairs
- The properties of transition metals, variable oxidation states, complex ions and ligands, the origin of colour, catalysis, and ligand substitution reactions.4Q&A pairs
Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
- Sub-atomic particles, isotopes and mass spectrometry, electronic configuration in sub-shells, ionisation energies and the evidence they provide for shell and sub-shell structure.2Q&A pairs
- Ionic, covalent (including dative) and metallic bonding, electronegativity and bond polarity, the shapes of simple molecules and ions, and the four types of crystal structure.2Q&A pairs
- The mole and the Avogadro constant, empirical and molecular formulae, balanced equations, the ideal gas equation, concentration and titration calculations, percentage yield and atom economy.2Q&A pairs
- Periodicity in ionisation energy and physical properties, the reactions and trends of Group 2 (the alkaline earth metals) and Group 7 (the halogens), and the chemical tests that identify them.2Q&A pairs
- Nomenclature and isomerism, the reactions of alkanes (combustion and free-radical substitution), and the reactions of alkenes (electrophilic addition and addition polymerisation) including Markownikoff's rule.4Q&A pairs
- Oxidation numbers, oxidation and reduction as electron transfer, oxidising and reducing agents, ionic half-equations and the construction of balanced redox equations including disproportionation.3Q&A pairs