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WalesChemistryQuick questions

Unit 3: Physical and Inorganic Chemistry

Quick questions on Enthalpy, entropy and free energy - WJEC A-Level Chemistry

6short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.

What is enthalpy of solution?
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When an ionic solid dissolves, two enthalpy terms compete: the lattice must be broken apart (the reverse of the exothermic lattice enthalpy, so endothermic) and the gaseous ions are then hydrated (exothermic enthalpy of hydration). The enthalpy of solution is the sum of these, ΔHsol=ΔHlatt+ΣΔHhyd\Delta H_{sol} = -\Delta H_{latt} + \Sigma \Delta H_{hyd}. If hydration releases more energy than is needed to break the lattice, dissolving is exothermic; if not, it is endothermic and may only occur because of a favourable entropy increase as ordered solid disperses into solution.
What is q1?
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State the sign of lattice enthalpy and explain why. [1 mark]
What is q2?
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State the condition on ΔG\Delta G for a reaction to be feasible. [1 mark]
What is q3?
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Predict the sign of ΔS\Delta S for CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g)\text{CaCO}_3(s) \rightarrow \text{CaO}(s) + \text{CO}_2(g). [1 mark]
What is q4?
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State the two enthalpy terms that combine to give the enthalpy of solution. [1 mark]
What is q5?
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Explain why a reaction with ΔG<0\Delta G < 0 may still not occur at room temperature. [1 mark]

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