Philosophy of Religion: SQA Advanced Higher RMPS quiz quiz

Observed features of the world

Religious texts only

Scientific experiments

Concepts and definitions alone, independent of experience

None of them

The cosmological and teleological arguments

The ontological and teleological arguments

The ontological and cosmological arguments

Many designers

Nothing at all

A first, uncaused cause or necessary being

A perfect island

Existence is a perfection; God is perfect; so God exists

Whatever begins to exist has a cause; the universe began to exist; so the universe has a cause

Order implies a designer; nature shows order; so nature has a designer

Evil exists; God is good; so God does not exist

Hume and Russell

Anselm and Descartes

Paley and Aquinas

Gaunilo and Kant

That God can be defined into existence

That the universe has no cause

That order arranged for a purpose implies a designer, so nature too has a designer

That evil disproves God

It explains the apparent design of living things by natural selection, with no designer

It supports the fine-tuning version

It proves God created each species directly

It shows existence is not a predicate

Because Paley already answered it

Because fine-tuning is about the laws and constants that evolution presupposes

Because fine-tuning is an a priori argument

Because evolution is false

The blind watchmaker

That than which nothing greater can be conceived

A privation of good

The first cause of the universe

The universe is a brute fact

Natural selection explains design

The same reasoning would prove a perfect island exists, which is absurd

Existence is not a predicate

Existence is not a predicate that adds to a concept, so a thing cannot be defined into existence

The universe needs a first cause

Evil disproves a good God

Religious experience is unreliable

The claim that God's omnipotence, God's perfect goodness, and the existence of evil cannot all be true

Three arguments for God

Three types of religious experience

The free will, Augustinian and Irenaean theodicies

The logical problem is about natural evil only

There is no difference

The evidential problem denies that evil exists

The logical problem says evil is incompatible with God; the evidential problem says the amount of evil makes God improbable

Evil is an illusion

Natural evil is caused by human choices

God created evil directly

Moral evil is the unavoidable price of genuine free will, itself a greater good

Evil is a privation of good from the fall

Evil disproves God

Existence is not a predicate

God permits evil so humans can grow into moral and spiritual maturity through struggle

Because it is caused by human choices

Because it does not exist

Because it is not caused by human free choices, so it cannot simply be the price of free will

Because it proves the ontological argument