Organisms and Evolution: SQA Advanced Higher Biology Area 2 quiz quiz

A transect

A point count

Mark-recapture

A single quadrat thrown at random

Marked and unmarked animals are equally likely to be caught

The population doubles between samples

Only marked animals reproduce

The mark makes animals easier to catch

Evolutionary relationships between organisms

The abundance of species at a site

The order of bases in a single gene only

The food chain in an ecosystem

A species whose presence or abundance reflects particular environmental conditions

A species used only in laboratory genetics

The most abundant species at every site

A species that cannot be classified

In small populations

In very large populations

Only in populations at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Only during sexual selection

The founder effect starts a new population from few individuals; a bottleneck is a drastic reduction of an existing one

The founder effect needs a large population; a bottleneck needs a small one

Both increase genetic variation

Neither involves genetic drift

2pq

p squared

q squared

p plus q

The reciprocal evolution of two interacting species acting as selection pressures on each other

Two species evolving identical genomes

Evolution that stops once a species is adapted

Random change in allele frequency

Many offspring with little parental care, suiting unstable environments

Few offspring with high parental investment, suiting stable environments

No reproduction until the carrying capacity is reached

Only asexual reproduction

Each offspring costs it more, so it gains by selecting fit mates

It produces more gametes and can mate freely

It is always the larger sex

It cannot detect signals of fitness

Intra-sexual is competition within a sex; inter-sexual is mate choice by the other sex

Intra-sexual is mate choice; inter-sexual is competition

Both refer only to female competition

Neither produces sexual dimorphism

Through frequency-dependent selection, doing well while it is rare

Because sneaker males never reproduce

Because it is favoured only in large dominant males

Because it removes all genetic variation

Commensalism

Mutualism

Parasitism

Predation

It carries the parasite from one host to another

It is where the parasite reaches maturity and reproduces

It is always harmed and killed by the parasite

It is the parasite's only food source

It changes the parasite's surface molecules so the host immune system cannot keep up

It speeds up the host's immune response

It makes the parasite easier to kill with drugs

It prevents the parasite from reproducing

Multiple hosts and stages, immune evasion and drug resistance all work against control

They reproduce only once and then die

They are unaffected by any environmental factor

They have no means of transmission