OCR A-Level Sociology Component 3 crime and deviance overview quiz quiz

The most serious type of crime, such as homicide, which the courts treat most severely

The crime that never appears in official statistics

A theory of crime that explains offending through the choices made by rational individuals

The total recorded crime rate published each year by the police in the official statistics

It is always harmful and abnormal, a pathological breakdown that a healthy society would have none of

It is caused only by the ruling class, who criminalise the working class to protect their own interests

It is inevitable and can be functional, for example boundary maintenance

It is purely the result of labelling by agents of social control, with no objective reality at all

Rejecting both the cultural goals and the legitimate means, which Merton calls retreatism

Following the rules exactly and pursuing the goals by approved means, which is conformity

Inventing new technology and products, an everyday sense of the word rather than Merton's

Accepting the goals but using illegitimate means such as crime

Non-utilitarian delinquency by working-class boys who fail at school

Utilitarian crime committed purely for money, such as theft and fraud carried out for profit

Corporate crime committed by businesses, such as fraud, tax evasion and breaches of safety law

The dark figure of crime, the large amount of offending that never reaches the official statistics

A high social class position that gives a person status and authority over others in society

A deviant label that overrides a person's other identities

A type of official statistic that records the most serious offences dealt with by the courts

A senior police rank held by the officers who decide how the law is enforced on the ground

It is applied equally to everyone, regardless of their social class, wealth or position in society

It does not exist in any meaningful form, since Marxists deny that the law is enforced at all

It is selective, targeting the working class while the crimes of the powerful are under-policed

It only targets the ruling class, whose corporate crimes are policed far more harshly than others

Crime is caused by poverty alone, so reducing material deprivation would remove offending

Crime is socially constructed through labelling, with no objective reality beyond the reaction

Women are more controlled than men in the home, in public and at work, so they offend less

Visible disorder signals that nobody cares and invites more crime

Relative deprivation, marginalisation and subculture

Rational choice, the right realist idea that offenders weigh the costs and benefits of crime

Weak social bonds alone, the control theory view that crime occurs when attachments break down

The panopticon, Foucault's model of disciplinary surveillance and self-regulating behaviour

Women are biologically less aggressive than men, so they are naturally far less likely to offend

Women are more controlled in the home, in public and at work

Women are never labelled as deviant by the police, so their offending stays out of the statistics

Women have more rational choice than men, weighing the costs and benefits of crime more carefully

A genuine, measurable rise in crime that the official statistics record from one year to the next

A type of official statistic compiled by the police to track the public's fear of being a victim

An exaggerated reaction that labels a group as folk devils and amplifies deviance

A form of state crime committed by governments, such as torture, genocide or political corruption