OCR A-Level Religious Studies Component 02 Religion and Ethics overview quiz quiz

Maximise happiness

Act only on universalisable maxims

Preserve life

Follow agape

Any act at all, provided that it succeeds in maximising the total happiness produced

The breaking of absolutely any moral rule whenever selfless love appears to require it

Treating other people merely as a means to an end whenever doing so brings about good

An act with a good intended effect and a foreseen but unintended bad effect

Agape

Duty

Utility

The natural law

Intensity, then duration, then certainty, and finally the extent of the pleasure

Pragmatism, relativism, positivism, personalism

Universal law, the end in itself, kingdom of ends, and acting purely from duty

Synderesis, then conscientia, then ratio, and lastly the resulting feeling of guilt

Always act so as to maximise the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

Always follow whichever course of action turns out to be the most loving in the situation

Treat humanity always as an end and never merely as a means

Always act strictly in accordance with the natural purpose built into human nature

Reason, will, duty, dignity, autonomy, universal law, and humanity as an end

Faith, hope, love, justice, prudence, courage, temperance

Id, ego, super-ego, guilt, instinct, the reality principle, and internalised authority

Intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, fecundity, purity, extent

By distinguishing higher (intellectual) from lower (bodily) pleasures

By rejecting consequences altogether and grounding morality entirely in duty instead

By making the motive of duty the only thing that has any genuine moral worth at all

By measuring the value of every pleasure solely according to its intensity in the moment

A human life is only ever worth living if it still retains a sufficient quality of life

Human life is intrinsically and equally sacred and must not be intentionally taken

Euthanasia is morally right whenever it succeeds in maximising the total happiness produced

Personal autonomy always outweighs every other moral consideration in matters of life and death

To serve all stakeholders equally

To maximise corporate social responsibility spending

To increase its profits within the rules of the game

To act only from duty

It strictly forbids all sexual activity outside of a heterosexual marriage in every case

It applies Bentham's hedonic calculus to every single sexual act in order to weigh the pleasure

It treats biological reproduction as the one and only legitimate purpose of any sexual act

It judges each relationship only by whether it expresses agape and avoids harm

'Good' is a simple, non-natural property that cannot be defined in natural terms

Moral statements are literally meaningless because they cannot ever be empirically verified

Conscience is simply the super-ego, the internalised voice of authority absorbed in childhood

Determinism is true, so no human action is ever genuinely free or open to moral praise

a verifiable empirical fact about the act of stealing itself

an expression of the speaker's emotion (boo-hurrah)

a self-evident moral intuition grasped directly by reason

a binding command issued directly by God to all people

The act of applying moral knowledge to a particular case

The internalised voice of parental authority

The innate disposition to do good and avoid evil

A feeling of guilt

Human reason (ratio) applying first principles to a particular moral case

A simple non-natural intuition of the good, known directly and not learned

The voice of God, implanted in every person at their creation by their maker

The super-ego, the internalised voice of authority producing guilt

Determinism and freedom are compatible: an act is free if it flows from the agent's own uncompelled desires

Free will is a complete illusion and every single one of our choices is wholly fixed in advance by prior causes

Some of our choices are genuinely wholly uncaused, escaping the chain of prior causes altogether

Only God's eternal predestination truly determines our acts, leaving us with no real freedom at all