Edexcel A-Level Religious Studies Paper 2 Religion and Ethics overview quiz quiz

Utilitarianism, Kantian deontological ethics and ethical egoism

Divine command theory, social contractarianism and moral relativism

Natural moral law, situation ethics and virtue ethics

Psychological hedonism, ethical intuitionism and emotivism

Act on the most loving option

Maximise happiness

Treat people as ends

Do good and avoid evil

Agape (selfless love)

Pleasure and the absence of pain

Doing one's rational duty

Justice for all people

The greatest happiness for the greatest number

A virtue lying between excess and deficiency

The supreme moral law

The principle of double effect

Bentham and Mill

Ayer and Stevenson

Foot and MacIntyre

Augustine and Pelagius

The duty content of an act, measuring how far it conforms to moral law

The virtue or vice of the agent's settled character behind the action

Whether the maxim behind an act could ever be willed as a universal law for everyone

The pleasure and pain of an act by factors such as intensity, duration and extent

By distinguishing higher and lower pleasures

By abandoning utilitarianism altogether in favour of Kantian duty

By adopting Kant's categorical imperative as his guiding principle

By appealing to natural law and its primary precepts instead

Act only on a maxim that you could will to become a universal law

Treat humanity never merely as a means but always as an end

Maximise the overall satisfaction of preferences across everyone affected

Follow the most loving course of action in the particular situation you face

How a war is actually conducted once the fighting has already begun

Justice and reconstruction in the period after a war has finally ended

The right to go to war (just cause, legitimate authority, last resort, etc.)

The economics of war, such as how the fighting is going to be paid for and funded

The principle of utility from utilitarianism

Kant's categorical imperative of duty

The principle of credulity from the philosophy of religion

The doctrine of double effect

an expression of feeling, roughly 'boo to stealing'

a verifiable empirical claim that can be confirmed by observation

true by definition, in the way an analytic statement is true

a description of a natural fact about the world that is out there

That nature itself contains no moral order or purpose whatsoever for human beings to discover

That 'good' cannot be defined in natural terms because it is a simple, non-natural property

That emotivism is false because moral statements really are true or false claims

That utilitarianism ignores duty by reducing all morality to consequences alone

They are exactly the same field, asking the same questions in the same way

Meta-ethics is only ever about religion and the commands of God to humanity

First-order asks which acts are right; meta-ethics asks what moral words mean

First-order ethics is purely theoretical, while meta-ethics is entirely practical