Self-confidence and self-efficacy (Bandura), Vealey's model of sport confidence, attribution theory (Weiner), and learned helplessness and how to develop mastery orientation.

A Component 02 Section B application question. Marks for naming and applying the four sources of self-efficacy.

Award marks for: Bandura identified four sources of self-efficacy (situation-specific self-confidence). Performance accomplishments (past success) are the strongest, so the coach reminds the gymnast of previous successful routines and sets them an achievable early task. Vicarious experience (watching others succeed) helps, so the coach has a similar gymnast demonstrate the routine well. Verbal persuasion (encouragement from a credible coach) raises belief, so the coach gives genuine, specific encouragement. Controlling emotional (physiological) arousal, by reading the gymnast's nerves as excitement and using relaxation, stops anxiety being interpreted as a sign they will fail.

Markers reward the four sources, especially that performance accomplishments are the most powerful, applied to raising the gymnast's confidence.

A Component 02 extended-response (levels of response) question. Markers reward Weiner's model (AO1), application (AO2) and a reasoned strategy (AO3).

Award credit for: Weiner's attribution model classifies reasons for success and failure on the locus of causality (internal, such as ability and effort, versus external, such as task difficulty and luck) and stability (stable, such as ability and task difficulty, versus unstable, such as effort and luck), with controllability as a third dimension. A performer who repeatedly attributes failure to stable, internal, uncontrollable causes (a lack of ability) develops learned helplessness, the belief that failure is inevitable and outside their control, so they give up. To develop mastery orientation, the coach encourages attributing failure to unstable, controllable causes (a lack of effort or the wrong tactics) that can be changed, and success to internal, stable causes (ability and effort), a strategy called attributional retraining, combined with achievable goals and positive reinforcement so the performer expects to succeed through effort. A reasoned answer judges that retraining attributions away from stable, uncontrollable causes is the key to preventing helplessness.

A top answer uses Weiner's dimensions, links the wrong attribution pattern to learned helplessness, and explains attributional retraining toward mastery, reaching a judgement.