OCR Ancient History Roman depth study (Late Republic) overview quiz quiz

He abolished the Senate altogether and ruled through the popular assembly instead

He had himself formally crowned king of Rome, ending the Republic at a stroke

He marched his army on Rome, the first Roman general to do so

He conquered the whole of Greece and added it to the empire as a single new province

A set of laws greatly strengthening the powers of the tribunes of the plebs

A sweeping reform of the Roman calendar designed to bring the months back into line with the solar seasons

A series of reforms reorganising the legions and the way the army was recruited and paid

Publicly posted lists of enemies who could be killed with impunity and their property confiscated

The lex Gabinia

The lex Manilia

The lex Julia

The lex Cornelia

Antony, Octavian and Lepidus

Pompey, Crassus and Caesar

Sulla, Marius and Cinna

Cicero, Cato and Brutus

Caesar (in Gaul) and Pompey (in Spain), leaving the alliance leaderless

Cicero and Cato, the two senators who had brokered the original agreement

Julia (in 54 BC) and Crassus (at Carrhae in 53 BC)

Sulla and Marius, whose old feud had bound the triumvirs together

He was assassinated by a group of senators on the floor of the Senate house

He completed the conquest of Gaul and celebrated a great triumph in Rome

He had himself appointed dictator for life by a compliant Senate at Rome

He crossed the Rubicon with his army, beginning the civil war

Dictator for life (dictator perpetuo)

Consul for life, holding the supreme magistracy every single year

Tribune of the plebs for life, with a permanent veto over the Senate

Censor with a lifelong power to revise the roll of the Senate

Pompey, Crassus and Caesar, the men of the earlier alliance

Antony, Octavian and Lepidus

Brutus, Cassius and Cicero, the leaders of the senatorial cause

Sulla, Marius and Cinna, the rival commanders of the previous generation

By invading Egypt first and capturing Cleopatra before Antony could come to her aid at all

By openly bribing the whole of the Senate to vote Antony a public enemy and to strip him of every command he held

By propaganda painting Antony as the slave of Cleopatra, publicising his will and declaring war on Cleopatra

By forming a secret alliance with the Parthian empire to attack Antony's eastern provinces

Because they were all written personally by Antony himself in his own defence

Because they were composed in Greek rather than in Latin, so cannot be trusted

Because they are contemporary private letters written during the war itself

Because they reflect a pro-Augustan tradition hostile to Antony