Eduqas A-Level Media Studies media industries overview quiz quiz

Denotation, connotation and ideological myth

Equilibrium, disruption and resolution

Production, distribution and circulation

Encoding, decoding and audience feedback

Owning several different businesses that all sit at the very same level of the market

Sharing audiences and pooling subscribers across two competing broadcasters or platforms

Regulating a single media product consistently across all of its different forms and platforms

Owning several stages of the chain, such as production, distribution and exhibition

Promote and sell the same property across their holdings, so each part sells the others

Reduce the retail price of every product they release so that audiences buy far more of them

Replace public service broadcasting altogether with commercial, advertising-funded channels

Avoid regulation entirely by spreading their operations across many national jurisdictions

Ownership has no effect whatsoever on what media products end up being made and circulated

A small number of large, profit-driven companies dominate, which tends to narrow variety

Audiences effectively own the media themselves through their participation and user content

Only publicly funded public service media organisations now genuinely exist in the UK

Less choice for audiences and a noticeably weaker and more fragile democratic public sphere

Higher prices for audiences as smaller firms lose the economies of scale enjoyed by the big conglomerates

More room for creative risk-taking, a wider range of products and a healthier democratic debate

An end to almost all media regulation, as smaller firms become impossible to police effectively

Because cultural products are always very cheap to make yet still command high prices from loyal audiences

Because audiences and their tastes never change, so producers can simply repeat proven formulas forever safely

Because regulators tightly control every single cultural product before its release, thereby removing any commercial uncertainty for the firms involved

Because demand is uncertain, products are expensive to make but cheap to copy, and most fail while a few hits pay for the rest

By minimising risk and maximising audiences through integration, conglomeration and formatting

By deliberately making each and every product completely unique and quite unlike anything ever released before

By avoiding the use of stars and franchises and refusing to rely on recognisable proven formulas

By refusing to distribute any of their products online or through global digital streaming platforms

Between protecting citizens from harm and guaranteeing freedom of expression

Between repetition (to manage risk) and difference (to attract audiences)

Between the public service BBC and the commercial broadcaster ITV competing for viewers

Between the denotation of an image and the connotations that audiences read into it

Between vertical integration and horizontal integration as rival models of company ownership

Between the production stage of the chain and the separate distribution and exhibition stages

Between protecting citizens and serving consumer choice and freedom of expression

Between the use of bankable stars and the use of recognisable genres to manage commercial risk

The ASA

IPSO

The BBFC

Ofcom

Because globalised, converged and online media cross jurisdictions and audiences create their own content

Because audiences no longer watch or consume any professionally produced media at all these days

Because there are now far too many separate national regulators, and their overlapping remits constantly cause confusion

Because all media organisations are now publicly funded public service bodies answerable to the state

Retelling the content of the set product in great detail, scene by scene, in order to prove close familiarity with the material to the examiner

Naming a theory, applying it to a named product's ownership, funding or regulation, and judging by linking ownership, risk and regulation

Listing every media regulator operating in the UK along with a description of the precise remit of each one

Describing the plot of a set product scene by scene and explaining what happens to the main characters in it