Eduqas A-Level Media Studies audiences overview quiz quiz

Demographics are values, attitudes and lifestyle, whereas psychographics are simply measures of age, gender and social class

They are two interchangeable words for exactly the same way of grouping and profiling a media audience for targeting

Demographics are measurable characteristics (age, class); psychographics are values, attitudes and lifestyle

Demographics apply only to print and the press, while psychographics apply only to film and the moving image

The postal address of the studio or publisher printed in the product's small print credits

The genre and category that the media product belongs to within its market

The retail price of the product and how that price positions it in the market

The way the product speaks to its audience (formal or informal, intimate or authoritative)

Active, consciously choosing media to gratify their needs

Passive and easily influenced by whatever media they are exposed to

Largely unable to interpret media meanings without expert guidance

Essentially identical to the producer in outlook, values and intentions

Encoding, decoding, anchorage and mediation of the media message

Information, personal identity, personal relationships, diversion

Mass audience, niche audience, formal address and informal address

Preferred, negotiated, oppositional and dominant reading positions

Media have an instant, direct hypodermic effect that immediately changes the behaviour of viewers

Audiences are completely free to interpret media however they wish, with no patterned long-term effect at all

Long-term, repeated exposure to consistent messages gradually shapes the audience's view of reality

Only factual news content affects audiences, while fictional drama and entertainment leave no lasting trace

A settled belief among audiences that the media industry as a whole always treats them unfairly and dishonestly

A particular type of camera angle used to make a filmed scene feel threatening and tense

A reading position in which the audience rejects the producer's encoded meaning outright

Heavy long-term viewers of violent content coming to believe the world is more dangerous than it really is

It is not on the Eduqas named list, but is widely taught as supporting context for the effects debate

It is one of the five named Eduqas audience theories you are formally required to apply

It has now officially replaced Gerbner's cultivation theory on the current Eduqas A-level specification

It is only ever studied under representation and never under the audiences area of the course

When the audience flatly rejects the encoded meaning the producer intended

When the audience accepts the encoded meaning as the producer intended

When the audience ignores the text entirely and takes nothing from it at all

When the producer changes the encoded meaning of the text after its release

Meaning is fixed firmly in the text by the producer and simply received by the audience

Audiences cannot decode meaning at all without the producer explaining it to them first

Meaning is not fixed in the text but completed by the audience in the act of decoding

All audiences inevitably read a given text in exactly the same single way every time

Audiences have stopped consuming media altogether in the age of digital convergence

Broadcast television has disappeared entirely, replaced wholly by online streaming

Only trained media professionals can still produce and distribute any media content of real worth

Digital tools have ended the passive mass; people are now prosumers who create and share content

Fans taking, remixing and building on elements of media texts to create their own meanings and products

Illegally downloading and pirating copyrighted feature films and television programmes over the open internet

Producers stealing creative ideas from their audiences without crediting or paying them

Editing and recutting a broadcast news report to change its emphasis and meaning

Describing the audience only in vague terms such as 'young people' without any theory or supporting product detail

Setting a passive theory against an active one, applying both to a product, and judging how active the audience is

Listing every named theory in turn without applying any of them to a set product or reaching a judgement

Summarising the plot or content of the product in detail instead of analysing its audience