England · WJEC EduqasQ&A
ChemistryQ&A by dot point
A short Q&A bank for every England Chemistry syllabus dot point. Each question and answer is drawn directly from our worked dot-point page, so you can scan key concepts before opening the long-form answer.
C1: The Language of Chemistry and Structure of Matter (C1.2 Basic ideas about atoms)
- Subatomic particles and isotopes, relative atomic mass from mass spectra, the principles of time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and electron configuration in shells, sub-shells and orbitals including ionisation energy evidence.4Q&A pairs
- Ionic, covalent, dative and metallic bonding, electronegativity and bond polarity, the shapes of simple molecules and ions from electron-pair repulsion, and the intermolecular forces.2Q&A pairs
- The Avogadro constant and the mole, molar mass, the ideal gas equation, empirical and molecular formulae, concentration and titration calculations, percentage yield and atom economy.2Q&A pairs
- Writing formulae from ionic charges and oxidation states, constructing balanced chemical and ionic equations with state symbols, and using the language of chemistry consistently.2Q&A pairs
- The four types of crystalline solid (ionic, simple molecular, giant covalent and metallic), their structures, and how structure and bonding explain physical properties.2Q&A pairs
- Periodicity of atomic radius, ionisation energy and melting temperature across Periods 2 and 3, the s, p and d blocks, and the trends explained by electronic structure and nuclear charge.2Q&A pairs
C2: Chemical Change (C2.3 Rates of reaction)
- Collision theory, the effect of concentration, pressure, surface area, temperature and catalysts on rate, the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, activation energy and how catalysts work.4Q&A pairs
- Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases, strong and weak acids, and the reactions of acids.3Q&A pairs
- Green chemistry and sustainability, atom economy and percentage yield as measures of efficiency, the use of catalysts and renewable feedstocks, and reducing the environmental impact of chemical processes.3Q&A pairs
- Enthalpy changes, exothermic and endothermic reactions, standard enthalpy changes of reaction, formation and combustion, calorimetry, Hess's law and mean bond enthalpies.3Q&A pairs
C3: Chemistry of Carbon Compounds (C3.4 Alcohols and carboxylic acids)
- Classification of alcohols, oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols, dehydration and esterification, the acidity and reactions of carboxylic acids, and ester formation and hydrolysis.4Q&A pairs
- Nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes, the mechanisms and the effect of the C-X bond, elimination to form alkenes, the relative rates of hydrolysis, and the environmental impact of halogenoalkanes.4Q&A pairs
- Alkanes from crude oil, combustion and free-radical substitution, alkenes and their electrophilic addition reactions, Markownikoff's rule, and addition polymerisation.4Q&A pairs
- Mass spectrometry of organic compounds (molecular ion and fragmentation), infrared spectroscopy and characteristic absorptions, and using spectra to deduce structures and monitor functional groups.3Q&A pairs
- Functional groups and homologous series, IUPAC nomenclature, empirical, molecular, structural, displayed and skeletal formulae, general formulae, and structural and stereoisomerism.2Q&A pairs
Inorganic Chemistry (PI2.2 Chemistry of the d-block transition metals)
- The characteristic properties of transition metals, variable oxidation states, complex-ion formation and shapes, coloured ions and the d-d transition, ligand substitution, and catalysis.3Q&A pairs
- Periodic trends in the p-block, the chemistry of Group 7 (the halogens) including their reactions as oxidising agents, the reactions of halide ions, and qualitative tests for anions.3Q&A pairs
- Redox titrations with manganate(VII) and thiosulfate-iodine, constructing redox equations from half-equations, disproportionation, and using titration data to calculate amounts and concentrations.3Q&A pairs
Organic Chemistry and Analysis (OA2.1 Alcohols and phenols)
- The properties and reactions of phenol, its weak acidity compared with alcohols, the activation of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution, and tests to distinguish phenol from an alcohol.4Q&A pairs
- The carbonyl group, nucleophilic addition reactions (with HCN and with reducing agents), oxidation of aldehydes, and the tests that distinguish aldehydes from ketones.4Q&A pairs
- The preparation of amines, their basicity and the comparison of aliphatic, aromatic and ammonia basicity, their reactions as bases and nucleophiles, and the formation of amides and salts.3Q&A pairs
- The structure of amino acids, their amphoteric behaviour and zwitterions, the effect of pH and the isoelectric point, peptide bond formation and hydrolysis, and protein structure.4Q&A pairs
- The structure and bonding of benzene, evidence for the delocalised model, the stability of the aromatic ring, and electrophilic substitution reactions such as nitration and halogenation.3Q&A pairs
- The acidity and reactions of carboxylic acids, the derivatives (esters, acyl chlorides, acid anhydrides and amides), their interconversion, esterification and hydrolysis, and the reactivity of acyl chlorides.3Q&A pairs
- Multi-step synthesis and reaction pathways, chromatography (TLC and gas chromatography), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy including chemical shift, splitting and integration.4Q&A pairs
- E/Z (geometric) isomerism from restricted rotation about a C=C bond, optical isomerism from a chiral centre, the meaning of enantiomers and optical activity, and the priority rules for naming.4Q&A pairs
Physical Chemistry (PI5.2 Acid-base equilibria)
- The pH scale, Ka and pKa for weak acids, the ionic product of water Kw, calculating the pH of strong and weak acids and bases, buffer solutions and titration curves with indicators.4Q&A pairs
- Rate equations and orders of reaction, the rate constant, determining orders from concentration-time and rate-concentration data, the rate-determining step, and the Arrhenius relationship with activation energy.4Q&A pairs
- Lattice enthalpy, Born-Haber cycles, the enthalpy changes of formation, atomisation, ionisation, electron affinity and lattice formation, and enthalpies of solution and hydration.4Q&A pairs
- Entropy and its changes, the total entropy change, Gibbs free energy, the condition for feasibility, and the effect of temperature on the feasibility of a reaction.3Q&A pairs
- The equilibrium constants Kc and Kp, writing their expressions, calculating their values and units, and the effect of temperature, concentration, pressure and catalysts on the constant and the position of equilibrium.3Q&A pairs
- Oxidation states and half-equations, the standard hydrogen electrode, standard electrode potentials, electrochemical cells and their EMF, and using electrode potentials to predict feasibility.4Q&A pairs