Eduqas A-Level Biology Component 2 Continuity of Life overview quiz quiz

Molecular evidence such as DNA, RNA and protein sequences

Overall body size and external shape of the organisms

The particular type of habitat where the organisms happen to live

How the organisms move from place to place

The acrosome, which contains digestive enzymes

The midpiece, packed with mitochondria

The haploid nucleus carrying the genes

The flagellum, which is the beating tail

FSH

Progesterone

LH

Oestrogen

One male nucleus fusing with the egg cell to form the zygote

Two separate egg cells fusing together

The pollen tube nucleus dividing by mitosis

One male nucleus fusing with the two polar nuclei

9:3:3:1

12:3:1

15:1

1:1:1:1

Males have two X chromosomes, so they inherit twice as many copies of the recessive allele

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele is expressed

The recessive allele is carried on the much smaller Y chromosome

Females are completely unable to inherit the recessive allele

The difference is highly significant, so you must reject the null hypothesis

The experiment failed and must be repeated

The difference is not significant; accept the null hypothesis

The expected values used in the test were calculated wrongly

0.4

0.84

0.16

0.6

Reproductive isolation, stopping gene flow between them

An increase in the mutation rate of the populations only

A large and sustained increase in the total population size

Identical selection pressures acting on both populations

Restriction enzyme

DNA ligase

DNA helicase

Reverse transcriptase

Larger fragments travel further

Fragments separate by base sequence only

Smaller fragments travel further

Positively charged fragments move to the negative electrode

To work only at room temperature once the reaction has been carefully set up on the bench

To cut the DNA strands into fragments

To bind the short primers in place

To survive the high temperature (about 95 degrees Celsius) used to denature the DNA