Edexcel A-Level Chemistry: Organic II and Analysis overview quiz quiz

It has no double bonds at all, so there is nothing present for an addition reaction to occur across

Substitution preserves the stable delocalised pi system, whereas addition would disrupt it

Benzene is fully saturated, like an alkane, and so can only ever react by substitution

Benzene is far too unreactive to undergo any reaction of any kind under normal conditions

Bromine water

Acidified potassium dichromate alone

Tollens' reagent

Universal indicator

An amide

An ester

A carboxylic acid

An acyl chloride

The nitrogen lone pair accepts a proton

They readily donate a proton from the nitrogen atom to any base present in solution

They release hydroxide ions in water, which is the only reason they behave as bases

They contain a hydroxyl OH group, which is what makes the whole molecule basic overall

A wholly neutral molecule that carries no charges at all on any of its functional groups

A zwitterion with both a positive and a negative charge

A doubly positive ion, with both functional groups protonated and bearing a charge

A doubly negative ion, with both functional groups deprotonated and bearing a charge

Addition polymerisation loses a small molecule at each link, whereas condensation produces no by-product at all

Condensation polymerisation only works with alkene monomers that contain a reactive carbon-carbon double bond

Addition uses C=C monomers with no by-product; condensation joins monomers with loss of a small molecule

Addition polymerisation always produces a molecule of water as its by-product at every single link formed

They dissolve far too readily in water, so they wash away and accumulate quickly in rivers and the oceans

They burn cleanly without producing any gases, so incineration leaves a difficult solid residue behind

They have much weaker bonds overall, so they fragment into tiny pieces that are impossible to collect

Their inert carbon backbone is non-biodegradable, whereas condensation polymers have hydrolysable links

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups

A carbon atom bonded to two identical groups and two further different ones

Any carbon atom that forms part of the delocalised ring in a benzene molecule

A carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, as found in a carbonyl group

The total number of carbon atoms present in the whole molecule, counted one by one

The number of different carbon environments

The total number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton of the molecule

The relative molecular mass of the compound, read directly from the spectrum

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