AQA A-Level Psychology 4.4 Psychopathology overview quiz quiz

Statistical infrequency

Deviation from social norms

Failure to function adequately

Deviation from ideal mental health

Statistical infrequency, where behaviour is judged abnormal if it is statistically rare

Deviation from ideal mental health

Deviation from social norms, where abnormality is breaking society's unwritten rules

Failure to function adequately, where abnormality is an inability to cope with daily life

A recurring unwanted thought that intrudes into the mind and causes great anxiety

A feeling of persistent low mood that lasts for most of the day, nearly every day

A repetitive action performed to reduce anxiety

A negative schema that distorts how the person interprets everyday events

Classical conditioning, through repeated association of the stimulus with fear

Social learning, by observing and imitating a fearful response shown by a role model

Genetic inheritance of an innate predisposition passed down from anxious parents

Operant conditioning through negative reinforcement

You cannot be relaxed and anxious at the same time

Anxiety always increases steadily the longer a person is exposed to the feared stimulus

Fear responses are inherited and so cannot be unlearned through any form of therapy

Anti-anxiety drugs are needed to reduce arousal before any exposure can take place

The remembered past, the lived present and the imagined future

The self, the world and the future

Parents, peers and wider society as the three sources of negative belief

The id, the ego and the superego as competing parts of the mind

Behaviour

Biology

Belief

Bias

Dopamine

Adrenaline

GABA

Serotonin

Basal ganglia and orbitofrontal cortex

The hippocampus and amygdala, the structures central to memory and fear

Broca's and Wernicke's areas, the regions responsible for producing speech

The pons and medulla in the brainstem, which control automatic vital functions

Free association, the technique of saying whatever comes to mind

Behavioural activation

Flooding, immediate prolonged exposure to the most feared situation

Imprinting, the rapid early attachment a young animal forms to a caregiver