AQA A-Level Psychology 4.8 Issues and debates in Psychology overview quiz quiz

Exaggerating differences between the sexes

Minimising or ignoring the real differences that exist between the sexes

Judging other cultures by the standards and norms of one's own culture

Studying single individuals in depth as unique cases using qualitative methods

Understanding behaviour within its own cultural context, as cultural relativism requires

Judging other cultures by the standards of one's own

Exaggerating the differences between men and women in psychological research

A type of determinism in which all behaviour is seen as having an external cause

People have complete free will and freely choose all of their own behaviour

Behaviour is constrained by prior causes but a meaningful degree of choice still remains

All behaviour has a cause, so free will is an illusion

Nature and nurture interact, with genes and environment shaping behaviour together

Biological determinism

Environmental determinism

Scientific determinism

Psychic determinism

Interactionism

A pure nature view

Pure environmentalism

Biological reductionism

The study of identical twins raised apart to separate genetic and environmental effects

The environment switching genes on or off without changing DNA

A type of brain scan used to measure activity in different regions of the brain

The recruitment of homologous areas in the opposite hemisphere after brain damage

The social and cultural level of groups and society

The level of conscious free will and personal choice

The level of genes and neurochemistry

The cognitive level of schemas and mental processing

Seeking general laws of behaviour from large, representative samples of people

Using only tightly controlled laboratory experiments to gather quantitative data

Minimising or ignoring the differences between men and women in research

Studying the individual in depth as a unique case

The laboratory experiment

The unstructured interview

The case study

Free association

No ethical issues of any kind, since it never affects participants beyond the study itself

Potential consequences for participants or the group they represent

The use of only quantitative data gathered under strictly controlled conditions

A repeated measures design in which the same participants take part in every condition