AQA A-Level Geography 3.1 Physical geography overview quiz quiz

Precipitation = evapotranspiration + runoff + change in storage

Precipitation = infiltration minus interception plus channel runoff and storage

Runoff = precipitation plus groundwater flow plus transpiration losses from plants

Evapotranspiration = precipitation plus surface runoff plus change in soil storage

Rising, unstable air at these latitudes brings persistent heavy convectional rainfall

Descending air in the subtropical high-pressure belts suppresses rainfall

Cold, dry polar air masses spread out and dominate the weather at these latitudes

Warm ocean currents flowing past these coasts release moisture and drive rainfall

A single beach where no sediment movement occurs because the coast is sheltered

The area of open sea lying beyond the limit of any country's national jurisdiction

A stretch of coast where sediment movement is largely self-contained

A coastal zone where only erosion takes place and no deposition is possible at all

Deflation and saltation

Hydraulic action and attrition

Solifluction and leaching

Plucking and abrasion

Till is unsorted and angular; fluvioglacial material is sorted and rounded

Till is sorted and rounded; fluvioglacial material is unsorted and angular

Both are sorted but till is finer

They are identical in origin

Constructive (divergent) margins

Conservative (transform) margins

Destructive (convergent) margins

Hot spots

Above about 10 degrees Celsius

Below about 0 degrees Celsius

Above about 27 degrees Celsius

Exactly 100 degrees Celsius

Atmosphere, ocean and rock

Producers, consumers and decomposers

Inputs, outputs and flows

Biomass, litter and soil

A hazard threatens people; a disaster is the realisation that overwhelms a community's ability to cope

They mean exactly the same thing and the two terms can always be used interchangeably in any context

A disaster is always smaller in scale than a hazard and affects only a single isolated household

A hazard only ever affects property and infrastructure, and it can never threaten or harm human life directly

A closed system that has no inputs or outputs crossing its external boundary at all

The balanced state a system returns to after a disturbance

A permanent, fixed and unchanging state in which nothing within the system ever alters

An open system that only ever gains energy and matter and never loses any to its surroundings

The atmosphere is by far the largest single store of carbon found anywhere on Earth

The fast carbon cycle operates over millions of years through slow geological processes

Sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels hold the largest store of carbon

Photosynthesis releases carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere rather than removing it

Abrasion wearing back a resistant headland to leave a flat wave-cut platform

Repeated freeze-thaw weathering of cliffs producing a sloping scree of broken rock

A eustatic fall in sea level exposing the former sea bed as a raised beach

Longshore drift depositing sediment where the coast changes direction