AQA A-Level Biology 3.2 Cells overview quiz quiz

Ribosome

Golgi apparatus

Lysosome

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The nucleus

The Golgi apparatus

The mitochondrion

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A cell-surface membrane surrounding the cytoplasm

Ribosomes used for the synthesis of proteins

Murein cell wall and plasmids

A true membrane-bound nucleus holding the DNA

It is far too small to be seen with even the most powerful optical light microscope available

It contains only a single strand of RNA and never contains any DNA at all

It is surrounded by a rigid murein cell wall just like a prokaryotic cell

It has no membrane, cytoplasm or organelles and cannot reproduce without a host cell

Magnification is how enlarged the image is; resolution is the smallest distance between two points that can still be seen as separate

Magnification is the smallest distance between two points that can still be seen as separate, while resolution is simply how enlarged the image is

Magnification and resolution mean exactly the same thing and the two terms are fully interchangeable

Resolution depends only on the quality of the lens used and not at all on the wavelength of the radiation

times 200

times 2000

times 20 000

times 500

Cold speeds up the reactions, the isotonic solution supplies nutrients, and the buffer raises the pH for the organelles

All three of these conditions work together simply to increase the speed of the spinning centrifuge

Cold slows enzymes, isotonic prevents osmotic damage to organelles, buffered keeps pH constant

Cold and buffered conditions both prevent diffusion, while the isotonic solution stops respiration

During prophase, as the chromosomes condense in mitosis

During anaphase, as the chromatids are pulled apart in mitosis

During cytokinesis, as the cytoplasm divides into two

The S phase of interphase

0.012

0.12

1.2

12

Active transport

Simple diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

Osmosis

The direct hydrolysis of ATP molecules at the co-transporter protein itself

Simple diffusion of glucose straight through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane

The sodium ion concentration gradient created by the sodium-potassium pump

The osmosis of water across the membrane carrying the glucose along with it

A completely different and far more effective antibody is produced on the second exposure to the same antigen

Phagocytosis no longer needs to occur at all during the second exposure to the pathogen

The antigen is always destroyed by memory cells before any antibody is made the second time

Memory cells from the primary response divide rapidly into plasma cells, producing more antibody sooner