AQA A-Level Biology: Biological molecules quiz quiz

Condensation, which releases a molecule of water

Hydrolysis, which uses up a molecule of water to break the bond

Oxidation, which releases a molecule of carbon dioxide as a by-product

Reduction, which adds hydrogen atoms across the new bond

Alpha-glucose joined only by 1,6 glycosidic bonds to give a coiled, highly branched molecule

Beta-glucose, allowing alternate molecules to flip and hydrogen bond into microfibrils

Fructose monomers that join together to form a coiled and extensively branched chain

Amino acid monomers joined by peptide bonds to form a long unbranched polypeptide

Biuret reagent added at room temperature and turning a lilac-purple colour

Iodine in potassium iodide solution being added and turning a blue-black colour

Benedict's reagent heated, forming a brick-red precipitate

Emulsion test with ethanol and water forming a cloudy white emulsion layer

Three peptide bonds

Three glycosidic bonds

Three phosphodiester bonds

Three ester bonds

It has a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails

It is entirely hydrophobic, so the whole molecule is repelled by surrounding water

It has three hydrophobic fatty acid tails and lacks any hydrophilic phosphate group

It is an unbranched polymer of beta-glucose held together by 1,4 glycosidic bonds

Glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides

Peptide bonds in proteins

Ester bonds in lipids

Phosphodiester bonds in DNA

The active site is rigid and exactly complementary to the substrate before binding

The substrate changes shape to match a fixed active site

The active site changes shape slightly as the substrate binds, moulding around it

The enzyme is permanently used up in the reaction

A non-competitive inhibitor, which binds the active site

A non-competitive inhibitor, which binds an allosteric site

Neither type of inhibitor

A competitive inhibitor, which binds the active site

Hydrogen bonds, with A pairing to T and C pairing to G

Phosphodiester bonds formed directly between the complementary bases on each strand

Peptide bonds between adjacent nucleotides running along the same strand

Ionic bonds formed between the two negatively charged sugar-phosphate backbones

Both strands of each new molecule are newly synthesised from free nucleotides

Each new molecule contains one original strand and one new strand

Only half of the bases along each template strand are actually copied each cycle

The original molecule is conserved fully intact without any new strands being made

AMP, two phosphate groups and oxygen

Adenine, ribose and three phosphates with no energy change

ADP, inorganic phosphate and energy released

ADP, water and carbon dioxide

Low solvent ability, because the water molecule is non-polar, which limits the transport of dissolved substances

Low latent heat of vaporisation, because it has no hydrogen bonds, which speeds evaporation

Low cohesion, because the water molecules repel one another, which prevents continuous xylem transport

High specific heat capacity, because hydrogen bonds must be broken, which buffers temperature