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Unit 4 Fields and their Applications

Quick questions on Orbits and the wider universe: Kepler's third law and dark matter - WJEC A-Level Physics

5short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.

What is circular orbits under gravity?
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Notice the orbiting body's own mass mm cancels: the orbital speed depends only on the central mass MM and the radius rr, not on how heavy the satellite is.
What is kepler's third law?
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Combining the orbital condition with v=2πrTv = \dfrac{2\pi r}{T} gives Kepler's third law: the square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the orbital radius.
What are satellites?
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A geostationary satellite orbits once every 24 hours above the equator, so it stays above a fixed point on Earth, useful for communications. Low polar orbits suit imaging and monitoring because they pass over different strips of the planet on each pass.
What is q1?
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Show that the orbital speed of a satellite is v=GMrv = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{r}}. [2 marks]
What is q2?
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State the evidence from galactic rotation curves for dark matter. [2 marks]

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