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F2: Surface and Internal Processes

3 dot points across 3 inquiry questions. Click any dot point for a focused answer with worked past exam questions where available.

Where does the Earth's internal heat come from and how does it drive geological processes?

The sources of the Earth's internal heat, the geothermal gradient and heat flow, and how heat drives mantle convection, melting and metamorphism as the internal limb of the rock cycle.
A focused answer to WJEC and Eduqas A-Level Geology F2 on internal processes, covering the sources of the Earth's internal heat (radioactive decay and residual heat), the geothermal gradient and heat flow, and how heat drives mantle convection, partial melting and metamorphism as the deep limb of the rock cycle.
12 min answer →

How do depositional environments and sedimentary structures record surface conditions?

Deposition in different environments, the formation of sedimentary structures (bedding, cross-bedding, graded bedding, ripple marks) and how these are used as way-up indicators and palaeoenvironment evidence.
A focused answer to WJEC and Eduqas A-Level Geology F2 on deposition, covering depositional environments and the sedimentary structures (bedding, cross-bedding, graded bedding, ripple marks, desiccation cracks) used as way-up indicators and to reconstruct ancient palaeoenvironments.
13 min answer →

How do weathering, erosion and transport break down and move rock at the surface?

The mechanisms of physical and chemical weathering, the distinction between weathering, erosion and transport, and how transport agents round and sort sediment to record transport history.
A focused answer to WJEC and Eduqas A-Level Geology F2 on surface processes, covering physical and chemical weathering mechanisms, the difference between weathering, erosion and transport, and how rounding and sorting of sediment by water, wind and ice record transport distance and energy.
13 min answer →