Quick questions on Intervals and scales - SQA Higher Music

An interval is named by counting the letter names from the lower note to the upper, inclusively: C to E is a third (C-D-E), C to G is a fifth (C-D-E-F-G), C to the next C is an octave. The quality (major, minor, perfect) refines the size, but at Higher the reliable basics are recognising the common intervals by ear (the open sound of a fifth, the bright leap of an octave) and counting accurately on the stave.

The major scale sounds bright and resolved; the minor scale sounds darker, and exists in natural, harmonic and melodic forms that differ in their sixth and seventh notes. The pentatonic scale uses only five notes and has no semitones, giving the open, folk-like sound common in Scottish music, blues and pop. The chromatic scale uses all twelve semitones, moving entirely in half steps, and is heard as a sliding, tense or decorative line.

A melody often moves through the notes of a chord rather than a scale. An arpeggio plays a chord's notes in order, up or down; a broken chord splits a chord into a repeated melodic figure. A sequence repeats a melodic idea at a higher or lower pitch, a favourite way of extending a tune. These are examinable concepts in their own right and frequently appear alongside interval and scale identification.

How do you name an interval, and how big is an octave? [2 marks]

What defines the pentatonic scale? [1 mark]

What is the difference between an arpeggio and a sequence? [2 marks]