Food, nutrition and health: SQA Higher Health and Food Technology Area 1 quiz quiz

It contains all the essential amino acids in roughly the proportions the body needs

It supplies more energy per gram than any other macronutrient

It is found only in plant foods such as cereals and pulses

It cannot be digested and so passes through the gut as fibre

Protein, at about 17 kJ per gram

Carbohydrate, at about 17 kJ per gram

Fat, at about 37 kJ per gram

Non-starch polysaccharide, at about 37 kJ per gram

They raise blood LDL cholesterol and cause atheroma in the arteries

They give energy with few other nutrients and cause dental caries

They are the body's only source of essential fatty acids

They prevent the absorption of calcium from the gut

Because fat is the body's main source of fibre

Because fat is needed to make haemoglobin in red blood cells

Because fat raises blood pressure, which the body requires

Because fat carries the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K and supplies essential fatty acids

Vitamin D

Vitamin C

Vitamin B12

Vitamin A

Calcium

Sodium

Iron

Fluoride

Vitamin E

Folic acid

Sodium

Vitamin A

Vitamin C improves the absorption of non-haem (plant) iron from the gut

Vitamin C converts iron into calcium for the bones

Vitamin C is needed to make insulin to control blood glucose

Vitamin C blocks the absorption of saturated fat

Because their basal metabolic rate rises sharply with age

Because they can no longer absorb any vitamins or minerals

Because they are usually less active with a lower metabolic rate, so the diet must be nutrient-dense

Because they need to gain weight to stay healthy

Vitamin B12

Starch

Vitamin C

Non-starch polysaccharide

It dissolves tooth enamel to cause decay in the arteries

It raises blood LDL cholesterol, which forms atheroma that narrows the coronary arteries

It lowers blood pressure so the heart beats too slowly

It is converted into fibre that blocks the bowel

A diet very low in salt

A diet very high in calcium

A lack of vitamin C in the diet

Being overweight or obese, causing insulin resistance

A diet low in NSP (fibre)

A diet high in vitamin D

A diet low in saturated fat

A diet high in calcium

Sodium and free sugars

Vitamin C and iron

Calcium and vitamin D

Saturated fat and starch

Too little fibre in the diet

Excess salt (sodium) in the diet

Too little vitamin A in the diet

Excess water in the diet