HistoryQ&A by dot point

The new crimes of the early modern period (vagabondage, witchcraft, smuggling and heresy), the continuing reliance on amateur law enforcement, the harsher and more public punishments, and the influence of religion and economic change.

The crimes and punishments of the industrial age, the Bloody Code and transportation and why they were abolished, the founding of the Metropolitan Police in 1829, and the rise of the prison and the work of reformers such as Howard and Fry.

The new crimes of the modern era (cybercrime, motoring and terrorism), the transformation of policing by science and technology, the abolition of the death penalty in 1965, and the shift towards rehabilitation and alternatives to prison.

Crime, law enforcement and punishment in the Anglo-Saxon, Norman and later medieval periods, including the role of religion and the King, community policing through the tithing and the hue and cry, trial by ordeal and jury, and the use of fines, mutilation and execution.

The long-term patterns of change and continuity in law enforcement and punishment across the whole period, the factors that drove change (attitudes and religion, government, individuals, science and technology, and social and economic change), and how to compare across time.

What the historic environment is and how it fits the thematic study, how a specific site illustrates crime and punishment, how to use physical features and specialist terminology, and how to answer the source and site questions on the paper.

How to answer the 'describe two features' question, the 'explain why' question and the thematic-study comparison question, matching the length and structure to the marks and the assessment objective.

What an interpretation is and how it differs from a source, how to explain why interpretations of the past differ, and how to evaluate how far you agree with an interpretation in the 16-mark depth-study essay that carries SPaG.

How to answer the source comprehension question and the 'how useful is the source' question, using content and provenance (nature, origin and purpose) and your own knowledge to reach a judgement, without simply calling a source biased.

How to plan and write the extended 'how far do you agree' essays in the depth study and the thematic study, how to build a balanced, supported argument with a clear judgement, and how to secure the SPaG and specialist-terminology marks.

The structure of the two components and their papers, the mark tariffs and timings, the four assessment objectives (AO1 to AO4), and where the SPaG marks fall, so you can plan your revision and exam time.

The steps by which Hitler consolidated power between 1933 and 1934, the Reichstag Fire and the Enabling Act, the creation of a one-party state, the Night of the Long Knives, and Hitler becoming Fuhrer on the death of Hindenburg.

The Nazi vision of the 'national community' (Volksgemeinschaft), the policies towards women, young people and workers, the persecution of Jews and other minorities up to 1939, and the experience of those who did and did not fit the Nazi ideal.

The Nazi police state (the SS, Gestapo, courts and concentration camps), the use of propaganda and censorship under Goebbels, the Nazi control of culture and the churches, and the methods used to enforce conformity and crush opposition.

The impact of the Wall Street Crash and the Depression on Germany, the appeal of the Nazi Party and its propaganda, the failure of the Weimar governments, and the political intrigues that made Hitler Chancellor in January 1933.

Gustav Stresemann's role in the recovery, the ending of hyperinflation with the Rentenmark, the Dawes and Young Plans and American loans, the return to the international stage (Locarno and the League of Nations), the cultural flowering of the 1920s, and the limits of the recovery.

The creation of the Weimar Republic in 1919, the impact of the Treaty of Versailles, the early threats from left and right (the Spartacist Revolt, the Kapp Putsch and the Munich Putsch), and the crisis of 1923 with the Ruhr occupation and hyperinflation.

The Watergate scandal and the crisis of trust in government, the conservative revival under Reagan in the 1980s, the continuing struggles for equality, and the position of the USA as the world's sole superpower by 2000.

The social changes of the 1960s including the youth counter-culture and protest, the women's movement and the fight for equality, the impact of the Vietnam War on protest at home, and the broader changes in American attitudes and values.

Segregation and discrimination in post-war America, the key campaigns and events of the civil rights movement (Brown v Board, Montgomery, Little Rock, the marches), the role of Martin Luther King and more militant voices, and the gains made by 1968.

The causes and impact of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the experience of the Great Depression and the failures of Hoover, the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the alphabet agencies, and the debate over how successful the New Deal was.

The impact of the Second World War on the American home front and economy, the experience of women and minorities during the war, the post-war economic boom and consumer society of the 1950s, and the inequalities that persisted beneath the affluence.

The origins of the Cold War and the policy of containment, the impact of the Red Scare and McCarthyism at home, key confrontations such as Korea, Cuba and Vietnam, and the path from the arms race to the end of the Cold War.

Elizabeth's character and aims as queen, the structure of her court and government (the Privy Council, ministers such as William Cecil and Robert Dudley, Parliament and the role of patronage), and the problems she faced as a new and female monarch in 1558.

Everyday life in Elizabethan England including the gap between rich and poor, the problem of poverty and the Poor Laws, the flourishing of the theatre, and the voyages of exploration that made the age a 'golden age'.

Why Mary Queen of Scots threatened Elizabeth, her flight to England in 1568, the major Catholic plots (Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington), the role of Walsingham's spy network, and the reasons for and consequences of Mary's execution in 1587.

The growth of the Catholic threat after the excommunication of 1570, the recusants, missionary priests and the Jesuits, the government's response, and the nature of the Puritan challenge to the religious settlement.

The religious situation Elizabeth inherited in 1558, the terms of the 1559 Religious Settlement (the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity), the via media or 'middle way', and how far the settlement satisfied Catholics and Puritans.

The causes of the war with Spain and the reasons Philip II launched the Armada in 1588, the events of the campaign in the Channel, the reasons for the English victory and the Spanish defeat, and the consequences and significance of the Armada.