Edexcel GCSE Physics Topic 6 Radioactivity overview quiz quiz

$+1$

$0$

$-1$

$+2$

In the electrons

Spread evenly

In the nucleus

In the empty space

Atoms of different elements that have the same number of protons

Atoms that have lost one or more of their outer electrons

Atoms that contain no neutrons in their nucleus at all

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

A helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons)

A fast electron thrown out from the nucleus

A high-frequency electromagnetic wave from the nucleus

A single free neutron emitted by the nucleus

Alpha

Gamma

Beta

They are all equal

It increases by 2

It increases by 1

It decreases by 2

It stays the same

A proton becomes a neutron

An alpha particle is emitted

Nothing changes

A neutron becomes a proton

$80\,\text{Bq}$

$160\,\text{Bq}$

$213\,\text{Bq}$

$320\,\text{Bq}$

Because the half-life of the sample keeps changing as time goes on and on

Because you cannot predict which nucleus will decay or exactly when

Because the radiation given off has no pattern at all

Because the activity of the sample stays completely constant

Medical X-rays

Nuclear power stations

Radon gas from rocks

Mobile phones

They are simply two different names for exactly the same process happening to the body

Irradiation is radioactive material getting inside the body, while contamination is purely external exposure

Contamination can only ever happen when the body is exposed to penetrating gamma rays

Irradiation is exposure from an outside source; contamination is radioactive material on or in the body

Two small nuclei join to form a larger nucleus

A large unstable nucleus splits apart into smaller nuclei

A slow neutron is absorbed and then released again

A high-speed electron is emitted from the nucleus