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EnglandCombined Science

Topic 4: Natural selection and genetic modification

2 dot points across 2 inquiry questions. Click any dot point for a focused answer with worked past exam questions where available.

How does evolution by natural selection happen, and what evidence supports it?

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, the role of variation and mutation, evidence from fossils and antibiotic resistance, and how new species form.
A focused answer to Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Topic 4 (CB4), covering Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, the role of variation and mutation, the evidence from fossils and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and how new species form.
9 min answer →

How do humans deliberately change the characteristics of living things?

Selective breeding and its uses and risks, genetic engineering and the steps involved, the use of genetically modified organisms, and the benefits and concerns of GM technology.
A focused answer to Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Topic 4 (CB4), covering selective breeding and its uses and risks, the steps of genetic engineering, the use of genetically modified organisms, and the benefits and concerns of GM technology.
9 min answer →