Edexcel GCSE Combined Science CB4 Natural selection and genetic modification overview quiz quiz

Selective breeding

The environment changing

Random mutations

Sexual reproduction only

Gregor Johann Mendel

Louis Pasteur

James Dewey Watson

Charles Darwin

Better-adapted individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their alleles

Individuals deliberately change their own bodies during life to suit the environment they live in

Humans choose which organisms are allowed to breed in order to favour certain useful traits

All members of a population reproduce equally regardless of how well suited they are to survive

Each bacterium senses the antibiotic and consciously decides to switch on resistance to survive the dose

A random mutation makes some resistant, then the antibiotic kills the rest, leaving the resistant ones to reproduce

Every single bacterium is already completely and fully resistant from the very start, so the drug never has any effect at all

The antibiotic itself makes the bacteria stronger and tougher, training them to withstand future treatments

The carbon water cycle

Aerobic photosynthesis

The fossil record

Osmosis in cells

Transferring a gene directly from one species into the cells of a completely different species

Killing off all the organisms that are not useful and keeping only the ones that people want

A purely natural process that happens in the wild with no human involvement of any kind at all

Choosing organisms with desired characteristics and breeding them over many generations

It reduces variation and can make harmful recessive alleles more common

It increases genetic variation far too much and makes a breed unpredictable

It transfers genes between completely different species without any breeding

It only ever works on bacteria and cannot be used on plants or animals

A restriction enzyme that cuts the DNA strand at a specific recognition site

Something such as a plasmid or virus used to carry a gene into another organism

The desired protein that the inserted gene is supposed to make in the host cell

A type of random mutation that first creates the brand new allele in the first place

Penicillin from mould

Ethanol from yeast

Human insulin

Vitamin C tablets

They always taste better than any non-modified crop ever could

They are completely unable to spread their inserted genes to wild plants

They remove the need for any farming, soil or growing season at all

They can give higher yields or resist pests, needing fewer pesticides

Inserted genes could spread to wild plants or affect biodiversity

They grow far too slowly to be of any practical use to farmers at all

They cannot be eaten safely by humans or by any farm animal whatsoever

They always use far more water than every other crop that farmers grow

When a single organism happens to gain just one brand new mutation in its own lifetime

When two populations become isolated and change so much they can no longer interbreed

When humans deliberately breed two different animals together to make a new pet

When a population simply moves to a new place and lives there for about one year