Chemistry study guides

A deep-dive AQA GCSE Chemistry guide to topic 4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table. Covers atoms, elements, compounds and mixtures, the sub-atomic particles, isotopes and relative atomic mass, the development of the atomic model, electronic structure, the arrangement and development of the periodic table, metals and non-metals, and the trends in Groups 1, 7 and 0.

A deep-dive AQA GCSE Chemistry guide to topic 4.10 Using resources. Covers natural and synthetic resources, finite and renewable resources, sustainable development, phytomining and bioleaching, potable and pure water, water treatment and desalination, life cycle assessments, and reducing, reusing and recycling.

A deep-dive AQA GCSE Chemistry guide to topic 4.2 Bonding, structure and the properties of matter. Covers the three types of chemical bond, ionic, covalent and metallic bonding, the states of matter and the particle model, how the four main structures explain bulk properties, the carbon allotropes, and nanoparticles.

A deep-dive AQA GCSE Chemistry guide to topic 4.3 Quantitative chemistry. Covers conservation of mass and balanced equations, relative formula mass, the mole and the Avogadro constant, mole calculations, reacting masses and limiting reactants, concentration of solutions, percentage yield and atom economy.

A deep-dive AQA GCSE Chemistry guide to topic 4.4 Chemical changes. Covers the reactivity series and extraction of metals, oxidation and reduction, displacement reactions, acids, alkalis and the pH scale, neutralisation and salt preparation, strong and weak acids, and electrolysis of molten compounds and solutions.

A deep-dive AQA GCSE Chemistry guide to topic 4.5 Energy changes. Covers exothermic and endothermic reactions and their everyday examples, the temperature-change required practical, reaction profiles and activation energy, how catalysts lower the energy barrier, and bond energy calculations.

A deep-dive AQA GCSE Chemistry guide to topic 4.6 The rate and extent of chemical change. Covers measuring rate by mass loss and gas volume, mean rate and tangents, collision theory, the effects of concentration, pressure, surface area, temperature and catalysts, reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle.

A deep-dive AQA GCSE Chemistry guide to topic 4.7 Organic chemistry. Covers crude oil as a finite resource, hydrocarbons and the alkane homologous series, fractional distillation and the fractions, cracking, alkenes as unsaturated hydrocarbons, the bromine water test and addition polymerisation.

A deep-dive AQA GCSE Chemistry guide to topic 4.8 Chemical analysis. Covers the chemical meaning of pure and using melting points to test purity, formulations, paper chromatography and Rf values, the tests for hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and chlorine, flame tests, tests for carbonates, halides and sulfates, and instrumental methods.

A deep-dive AQA GCSE Chemistry guide to topic 4.9 Chemistry of the atmosphere. Covers the composition of today's atmosphere, how the early atmosphere formed and changed, how oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreased, greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect, climate change and the carbon footprint, and atmospheric pollutants from burning fuels.