CCEA A2 2 Political Power and Political Ideas overview quiz quiz

Power is held by a single ruling class

Power is widely dispersed among many competing groups

Power is concentrated in a power elite

Power is gendered and held by men

It denies that any groups exist

It argues power is held by a single class

It accepts groups are unequal but argues many competing elites still prevent domination

It rejects elections

Even democratic organisations inevitably come to be run by a small leadership

All elites eventually become democratic

Power is always shared equally

The working class always rules

Robert Dahl's pluralism

Joseph Schumpeter's democratic elitism

Vilfredo Pareto's circulation of elites

C. Wright Mills's power elite

The ownership of the means of production

Organisation and leadership

Gender

The neutral state

A belief that the state is neutral

The proletariat failing to recognise its exploitation because the ruling class controls the dominant ideas

The circulation of elites

The harm principle

A system of rule by competing elites

A neutral arbiter of group interests

A pervasive system of male domination over women

Common ownership of property

Politics should be kept out of the home

Only public institutions exercise power

Personal choices have no political significance

Power operates in the private sphere of family and relationships, not just the public sphere

Individual freedom

Equality of outcome

Tradition

The nation

Classical liberalism rejects the individual

Classical liberalism favours negative freedom and a minimal state; modern liberalism favours positive freedom and an enabling state

Modern liberalism rejects democracy

They are identical

Equality of outcome

Common ownership

Human imperfection and a respect for tradition

National self-determination

Revolutionary socialism and social democracy

Liberal and ethnic nationalism

Pluralism and elitism

Neo-liberalism (free market) and neo-conservatism (order and traditional values)

Equality, especially equality of outcome

Tradition

Negative freedom

National superiority

It seeks to overthrow capitalism by revolution

It rejects equality

It seeks to reform capitalism through the state and a mixed economy by parliamentary means

It demands full common ownership

Common ownership of the means of production

National self-determination

A minimal state

Equality of outcome

Civic is exclusive by descent; ethnic is inclusive by citizenship

They are the same

Civic is a voluntary community of shared citizenship (inclusive); ethnic is defined by common descent and culture (exclusive)

Both reject self-determination

Liberal nationalism

Anti-colonial nationalism

Civic nationalism

Expansionist nationalism

It ignores economic factors entirely

It is economically deterministic and the predicted revolution did not occur in advanced democracies

It denies that a ruling class exists

It claims power is gendered