CCEA Life and Health Sciences A2 5 Genetics, Gene Technology and Stem Cells overview quiz quiz

Adenine with thymine, cytosine with guanine

Adenine with cytosine, guanine with thymine

Adenine with guanine, cytosine with thymine

Adenine with uracil, cytosine with guanine

Three genes are needed to make one protein

Each group of three bases (a codon) codes for one amino acid

There are three types of base in DNA

Each amino acid is coded by exactly three genes

At the ribosome

In the mitochondria

In the nucleus

On the cell membrane

Uracil

Cytosine

Thymine

Adenine

1 to 1

3 to 1

1 to 2 to 1

9 to 3 to 3 to 1

Males have two X chromosomes, so they are more likely to be affected

The allele is found only on the Y chromosome

Males have only one X chromosome, so one recessive allele is enough

Females cannot carry the recessive allele

To join the gene into the vector

To translate the gene into a protein

To make many copies of the DNA

To cut DNA at a specific base sequence, leaving sticky ends

DNA ligase

DNA polymerase

A restriction enzyme

RNA polymerase

Translating mRNA into a protein

Making many copies of a specific section of DNA

Cutting DNA into fragments

Joining two plasmids together

Multipotent, forming only a limited range of cells

Fully specialised already

Pluripotent, able to form almost any type of cell

Unable to divide

To produce a new individual genetically identical to an existing one

To amplify a section of DNA

To increase the number of chromosomes in a cell

To produce embryonic stem cells matched to a patient for treatment

Degenerate

Universal

Non-overlapping

Single-stranded

It changes only the codon it falls in

It causes a frame shift, changing every codon after it

It always creates a stop codon immediately

It adds an extra amino acid to the protein

A deletion that causes a frame shift

An insertion of many bases

A substitution that changes one amino acid

A whole extra chromosome

Both parents must already have the disorder

The child must have a new chromosome mutation

The disorder is caused by a dominant allele

Both parents can be unaffected heterozygous carriers