OCR A-Level Media Studies audiences overview quiz quiz

Demographics measure people's values and lifestyle, while psychographics measure age and class

Demographics are measurable characteristics; psychographics are values and lifestyle

They are simply the same thing described using two different interchangeable terms

Demographics apply only to print media and never to broadcast or online media at all

Vertical integration

Mean world syndrome

Personal identity

Textual poaching

Audiences completely ignore any behaviour they observe in the media around them

The media have no measurable effect at all on the behaviour of their audiences

Audiences only ever engage with hard news and never with any other kind of media content

Audiences can imitate behaviour observed in the media, especially if it is rewarded

A belief, from heavy media exposure, that the world is more dangerous than it is

A belief, formed from heavy media exposure, that the world is steadily getting better

A type of fan community that forms around a shared media text or franchise

A regulation issue concerning the balance between citizens and consumers

Fully and completely accepting the encoded preferred meaning of the text

Broadly accepting the meaning but adapting or resisting parts of it

Completely rejecting the preferred meaning and reading it oppositionally

Refusing to engage with the media text or decode it in any way at all

Meaning is wholly fixed within the text by the producer who encodes it

Only the producers create meaning and the audience plays no part at all

Meaning is completed by the audience, not fixed in the text

Audiences are simply unable to understand or decode media texts properly

Stealing and pirating media products illegally without paying for them

A camera technique used to capture a particular kind of shot on screen

A breach of media regulation that draws action from a statutory regulator

Fans taking, remixing and building on texts to make their own meanings

Digital tools make people prosumers who produce and consume content

Audiences have stopped using media of any kind in their daily lives now

Only trained media professionals are able to make and publish media content

Television as a media form has now ended entirely and disappeared completely

Uses and gratifications theory together with Jenkins's fandom work

Bandura's social learning and Gerbner's cultivation

Shirky's end of audience together with Hall's reception theory

All audience theories see the audience as equally passive and shaped

Because audiences never participate in or contribute to the media in any way

Because the use of media theory is simply not allowed in an examination essay

Because producers still control platforms and content, and participation is unequal

Because all audiences without any exception remain entirely passive and easily shaped