OCR A-Level Biology Module 2 Foundations in biology overview quiz quiz

Golgi apparatus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosome

Mitochondrion

A cell-surface membrane enclosing the whole cytoplasm

A murein (peptidoglycan) cell wall and plasmids

Ribosomes for translating messenger RNA into protein

A mitochondrion carrying out aerobic respiration

Magnification is the smallest separable distance between two points; resolution is simply how enlarged the final image appears to be

Magnification and resolution are two names for exactly the same property

Magnification is how enlarged the image is; resolution is the smallest distance between two points still seen as separate

Resolution depends only on the quality of the lens and never on the wavelength of radiation used

times 200

times 20 000

times 500

times 2000

Hydrogen bonding causing cohesion between water molecules

Its high specific heat capacity buffering temperature changes

The low density of ice allowing it to float on liquid water

Its ability to act as a near-universal solvent for solutes

alpha-glucose joined into highly branched 1,6-linked chains

beta-glucose with straight, hydrogen-bonded chains

fructose units linked into a long unbranched chain

amino acids joined together by peptide bonds in sequence

Peptide bonds alone holding the sequence together

Glycosidic bonds between adjacent sugar residues

Hydrogen bonds along the polypeptide backbone

Ester bonds linking glycerol to fatty acid chains

A blue-black colour appearing

A brick-red precipitate forming

A purple or lilac colour

A white (cloudy) emulsion

The active site changes shape slightly to mould around the substrate, lowering activation energy

The active site is already an exact, rigid complementary fit and so does not change at all on binding

The enzyme is permanently used up and consumed during the reaction

The substrate immediately denatures the enzyme as it binds to it

It fully overcomes the inhibition and completely restores V max

It cannot overcome the inhibition, so V max stays reduced

It denatures and inactivates the bound inhibitor molecule

It gradually converts the inhibitor itself into a substrate

DNA polymerase

DNA ligase

DNA helicase

RNA polymerase

Each base belongs to one triplet only (the non-overlapping property)

Each amino acid is coded for by a triplet of three bases

The code is the same in almost all organisms (it is universal)

Most amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet

The S phase of interphase

Prophase, the first stage of mitosis

Anaphase, partway through mitosis

Cytokinesis, at the very end

Any cell type including extra-embryonic (placental) tissue

Any body cell type but not extra-embryonic tissue

Only one cell type

Only blood cells