AQA A-Level Religious Studies 3.1 Philosophy of religion overview quiz quiz

David Hume

Bertrand Russell

Immanuel Kant

Gaunilo

A posteriori and inductive

A posteriori and deductive

A priori and inductive

A priori and deductive

The Irenaean theodicy developed by Hick

The Augustinian theodicy, which traces evil back to the Fall and original sin

The free-will defence of Plantinga, holding that genuine freedom makes evil possible

The privation theory of Aquinas, which treats evil as the absence of a due good

Private, intensely emotional, sudden in onset and lasting permanently in its effects

Ineffability, noetic quality, transiency and passivity

Numinous, awesome, fascinating and dreadful, in the language used by Rudolf Otto

Verifiable, publicly falsifiable, credible and supported by reliable eyewitness testimony

Synthetic in form or else logically necessary and true in every possible world

Either capable of being falsified or, alternatively, entirely unfalsifiable by any test

Analytic or empirically verifiable

Expressed in symbolic language or by means of analogy with ordinary human terms

A. J. Ayer

Paul Tillich

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Antony Flew

A transgression of a law of nature brought about by a particular volition of the Deity

An event done by God beyond the order usually observed in nature

A non-repeatable counter-instance to a law of nature, in the sense defined by R. F. Holland

A purely symbolic act that points beyond itself to the holy and carries no breach of nature

Richard Swinburne

Maurice Wiles

Thomas Aquinas

David Hume

Extended in space and divisible into parts, exactly like the physical body itself

Strictly identical to the brain and its physical states, as the materialist maintains

A thinking, indivisible thing distinct from the body

A category mistake, dismissed by Ryle as the myth of the 'ghost in the machine'

We should trust the reports and testimony of other people unless they are shown unreliable

We should proportion the strength of our belief strictly to the available empirical evidence

We should accept only those claims that are capable in principle of being falsified by experience

We should believe things are as they seem unless there is special reason to doubt

John Hick

Plato

Richard Dawkins

Gilbert Ryle

Ontological argument criticised most decisively by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution

Design argument criticised by Hume and Dawkins

Cosmological argument criticised by Gaunilo's parable of the lost island paradise

Verification principle put forward and strongly defended throughout by Antony Flew