4.5 Approaches in Psychology

Covers AQA 4.5 the behaviourist approach: classical conditioning (Pavlov), operant conditioning, types of reinforcement and punishment, and Skinner's research.

Covers AQA 4.5 the biological approach: genes, biological structures and neurochemistry, genotype and phenotype, the genetic basis of behaviour, and evolution.

Covers AQA 4.5 the cognitive approach: internal mental processes, schemas, theoretical and computer models, inference, and the emergence of cognitive neuroscience.

Covers AQA 4.5 comparison of approaches: how the behaviourist, social learning, cognitive, biological, psychodynamic and humanistic approaches compare on nature-nurture, determinism and reductionism.

Covers AQA 4.5 humanistic psychology: free will, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and self-actualisation, the self, congruence, conditions of worth and the influence on counselling.

Covers AQA 4.5 origins of psychology: Wundt's first psychology lab, introspection, structuralism, and the emergence of psychology as a science.

Covers AQA 4.5 the psychodynamic approach: the unconscious, the id, ego and superego, defence mechanisms (repression, denial, displacement) and the psychosexual stages.

Covers AQA 4.5 social learning theory: imitation, identification, modelling, vicarious reinforcement, the four mediational processes and Bandura's Bobo doll research.